Assignment on Cubism and Synthetic Cubism

Cubism Written Assignment PABLO PICASSO & Synthetic Cubism Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), a Spanish artist, is one of the most well known artists of the 20th Century. From about 1909 he worked with a French artist called Georges Braque and together they created a style of art referred to as Synthetic Cubism. Both artists created still-life paintings to which other materials were added. Select a work by Picasso that is an example of Synthetic Cubism. ? ? Provide a coloured image Name and date the work. Answer the following: Q1.Describe the Subject Matter of the artwork. ? What do you think the artist wanted us to notice? ? Describe in detail what you see in the work. ? How has Picasso arranged the objects? Describe the art elements Picasso has used in this artwork. ? Discuss the line, tone, texture, shape and colours that have been used. ? Do any of these art elements affect the mood of the work? Describe the materials and techniques that have been used to create the art work. ? How have the materials been applied? Evaluate the artwork. ? Do you like this work by Picasso?Explain why. ? What are the best qualities? Q2. Q3. Q4. Due Date _________________________ Year 7 Cubism Assignment Rubric STANDARDS Criteria E The description of the artwork is inadequate and there is basic detail by the student. D There is a limited description of the artwork which is not detailed by the student. The student gives a limited description of some of the art elements seen in the artwork. C The student makes a detailed description of some of the subject matter. B The student makes a detailed description of most of the subject matter.A The student makes a complete and detailed description of the subject matter. The student makes a complete and detailed description, including analysis, of all the art elements seen in the artwork. The student makes a complete and detailed description ,including analysis, of all the materials and techniques used The student makes an advanced evaluation and judgement of the select artwork Description of subject matter in artworks Identification, description and understanding of the art elements.The student gives a basic description of some of the art elements seen in the artwork. The student makes a detailed description of most of the art elements seen in the artwork. The student makes a good detailed description of the art elements seen in the artwork. Identification, description and analysis of Cubist materials and techniques. The student gives a basic description of some of the materials and techniques used The student gives a limited description of some of the materials and techniques usedThe student makes a detailed description of most of the materials and techniques used The student makes a good detailed description of the materials and techniques used Evaluation and judgement of Cubism artwork The student makes a basic evaluation and judgement of the select artwork The student makes a limited evaluation and judgement of the sel ect artwork The student makes a satisfactory evaluation and judgement of the select artwork The student makes a thorough evaluation and judgement of the select artwork Grade: Comments:

Mgmt 1

Project Charter Template GenRays HRIS System Project Charter GenRays 3/1/2012 Table of Contents Project Title Purpose Description Objective Success Criteria or Expected Benefits Funding Major Deliverables Acceptance Criteria Milestone Schedule Approval Requirements Project Manager Authorized by Project Title GenRays HRIS System Purpose Based upon stakeholder interviews the purpose for the HRIS system is to improve productivity, improve communication with potential employees, improve recruitment of qualified candidates, improve payroll efficiency processes, and improve overall Human Resource processes.Description The HRIS project will provide a significant boost to the overall human resources and payroll processes. By providing an automated online system for applications, potential candidates for positions may easily monitor the application process. In addition to this benefit, the updated employee database could be used to automatically fill out electronic forms and allow integration of multiple enhancements such as a leave system, employee training management, data reporting capabilities and employee monitored career paths. ObjectiveWe will work with the Information Technology, Human Resources, and Payroll departments to determine the best product that meets the needs of all units involved. By reviewing the available solutions and determining the overall expectations of the company as a whole, we may select a solution that provides for the expectations of those units. After the selection process we will work with the same units to configure the HRIS solution specifically for GenRays and the track the outcomes of the implementation. Success Criteria or Expected BenefitsImplementation of the HRIS System will address the following expectations:  ·Provide a career track for existing employees  ·Increase payroll process efficiency and productivity  ·Provide an online application solution with tracking capability  ·Provide more transparency in hiring  ·Pro vide enhanced review of job applicant credentials  ·Process payroll automatically  ·Process expense reports automatically  ·Enhance recruiting capabilities  ·Improve productivity in relation to electronic forms  ·Reduction of data entry error for payroll Provide a standard performance review system while reducing paperwork  ·Integrate performance reviews with a standard compensation schedule  ·Provide a standard position control system  ·Integrate performance reviews with training to evaluate training outcomes  ·Provide a leave management system  ·Provide an enhanced employee communication system  ·Reduce overall number of database systems managed Funding The funding for the HRIS project should be address by the VP of Finance. Generally, because the project supports that area most directly, the project ost should be assumed by that unit. It is possible that the CEO may be willing to fully fund the project due to his interest level. It is also possible that the project may be jointly funded with several units providing funding for their area of interest. For example, the HR unit may elect to absorb the cost of the HRIS system software license and associated internal personnel required for the project. Moreover, the IT unit may absorb the cost of the database migration and any human capital associated with the migration. Major Deliverables  ·Selection of HRIS Software Development of forecasted and estimated budget  ·Implementation of HRIS Software into test environment  ·Implementation of career tracking configuration  ·Implementation of payroll automation  ·Implementation of online applications  ·Implementation of performance review system  ·Implementation of employee communication system  ·Implementation of data analysis and reporting capabilities  ·Implementation of HRIS Software in production environment  ·Migration of existing data into database Acceptance Criteria  ·Selection of HRIS Software oReview of proposals and features of software.Selection by project stakeholders including CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers.  ·Development of forecasted and estimated budget oReview of proposals, human capital and budget allotments for procurement. Involving project stakeholders including CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers.  ·Implementation of HRIS Software into test environment oImplementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit.  ·Implementation of career tracking configuration Configuration, training and testing by HR and IT.  ·Implementation of payroll automation oConfiguration, training and testing by Accounting (payroll) and IT.  ·Implementation of online applications oConfiguration, training and testing by HR, Marketing and IT.  ·Implementation of performance review system oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT.  ·Implementation of employee commun ication system oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT.  ·Implementation of data analysis and reporting capabilities oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT. Implementation of HRIS Software in production environment o Implementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit.  ·Migration of existing data into database oImplementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit. Milestone Schedule  ·Selection of HRIS Software oReview of proposals and features of software. Selection by project stakeholders including CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers.  ·Development of forecasted and estimated budget oReview of proposals, human capital and budget allotments for procurement.Involving project stakeholders including CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers. Milestone 1 (Selection and Budgeting – February 1, 2013) – Approvals by CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers for HRIS selection and budget. From this point procurement of the HRIS solution and management of procurement begins.  ·Implementation of HRIS Software into test environment oImplementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit.  ·Implementation of career tracking configuration Configuration, training and testing by HR and IT.  ·Implementation of payroll automation oConfiguration, training and testing by Accounting (payroll) and IT.  ·Implementation of online applications oConfiguration, training and testing by HR, Marketing and IT.  ·Implementation of performance review system oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT.  ·Implementation of employee communication system oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT.  ·Implementation of data analysis and reporting capabilities oConfiguration, training and testing by HR and IT.Milestone 2 – (Configuration and Tes ting – August 15, 2013) – Approval to move into the production environment after confirming configuration and expectations to be completed by CEO, VP Finance, VP Marketing, IT Director, HR Director, VP Manufacturing and Plant Managers.  ·Implementation of HRIS Software in production environment o Implementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit.  ·Migration of existing data into database oImplementation of Software by solution provider and IT unit.Milestone 3 (Training – October 1, 2013) – Delivery of training to all employees utilizing the system. Milestone 34(Go Live – October 15, 2013) – Approval by IT unit that all features function correctly and are certified for quality. Approval Requirements Overall the assigned portions of the project need to be approved by the individual units as identified in the acceptance criteria section. Because individuals from the stakeholder areas are responsible for assisting in the configura tion and training portions of the project these areas will require approvals as they are completed.In addition, the overall project will require sign-off from all stakeholders in order to verify that expectations are met and we may implement into a production environment. In relation to change, a change management process will be put in place with direct approval coming from the Project Manager. The project manager will work to ensure that the expectations are reasonable, adhere to the scope, and are a technical feature of the selected HRIS solution. Once the project reaches the closing phase a final approval is required from the President and CEO indicating project completion. Project Manager Dara S. Fann Authorized by Date:

Employment relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Employment relations - Essay Example Trade unions are institutions which are constituted for the welfare and protection of employees. Such unions are needed to first identify the major issues faced by the workers and then they should work to find remedies for those problems. Women and minority groups have demands for transformation of unions so that unions incorporate their current issues and raise voice for them. Trade unions or labor unions are special organizations formed by individuals that represent people at work to strengthen the protection of their existing rights, and to raise their voice against any uncivil act. It is also constituted as the union’s duty to protect and improve upon the payment and working conditions of the employees. In addition to that, the unions also campaign for laws and policies for the betterment of the working population. The ideology of union formation is basically rooted in the concept that an individual worker has very little power to influence decisions that are made about hi s or her job. Hence, in order to make the workers have more control of their working conditions, the unions attempt to join them all together so that there is more chance of them having a voice (Sofia-Roth, I. 2010, p.3). Labor unions are criticized in many aspects like the ineffectiveness of their existence, raising unnecessary aggression against employers, provoking employees for unjustified demands and so on. Research has been conducted about the usability of unions and their impacts in addition to checking out the argument that unions have outlived their existence. The global environment, the diversity in the workforce, decentralized structures, flattened organizations and increased employee autonomy suggest that unions are no more required. On the other hand, the cases of labor injustices and uncivil practices are still in practice. Employees still have to face the challenge of getting justifiable wages for their skill and effort, suitable working conditions and social benefits . Therefore, it can be easily assumed that labor unions are still required and are needed to play an effective role in setting up standards and regulations fro working class. Although the unions have not become obsolete altogether, yet they require transformation and modification in many ways. Due to globalization, technological advancements and diverse, multicultural workforce the role of unions should be improved and modified according to new requirements. They need to work on building their image as organizations supportive to both the employees and employers, rather than being taken as bodies with their main focus being on strikes and riots. Women and ethnic minority groups are always being discriminated and undervalued since their introduction into employee market. Even their introduction and entry into the workforce is an issue to be considered in this modern and civilized world. These issues require consideration from legislative bodies, labor rights institutions, social welf are groups, non governmental organizations and the most relevant institution that is ‘the union’. Unions need transformation to adjust and accommodate the needs of women and minority groups in an effective way. It can be done by taking into consideration all those issues which are currently being faced by the members of minority groups and then making policies and strategies to process these issues along with the general labor policies. Although the issue is been discussed and resolved in many ways until now, but its complexity suggests that it requires further consideration in various dimensions and by different institutions. To start with the unions, they must recruit the women and minority group members. It will give a moral support and deeper penetration into the problem to be solved. When the union involves such individuals, only then they can argue that they are working in the best interests of all the stakeholders. Furthermore, it will erase the unnecessary

The Case Colomo vs Bonds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Case Colomo vs Bonds - Essay Example Colomo’s mother then called the two students and in the process lectured Fuller for his actions as well as told Victoria to avoid Fuller and made sure she did not walk alone on the campus. Fuller had also threatened Victoria twice which had led to his suspension from the school, and Victoria was assigned an escort. Other methods on campus were used to keep the two separated. Colomo’s mother also brought this point forward claiming that the school had been indifferent when dealing with the first case. Under this, the courts ruled that if the ‘harasser’ acted in a way that makes the ‘harasser’ be denied of the rights to proper education, school management, and the board would have acted indifferently if they had full awareness of the happenings of the case. However, the student had maintained stable grades since the case was based on the victim’s mother believes that the school acted indifferently in solving the matter. The case was thrown out for lack of evidence. The issues in the case were that Victoria’s mother thought that her daughter was being deprived of the educational opportunities she was supposed to have. The case involved sexual harassment on a school campus and the court had to define what defined what sexual harassment was. Rather than there being a decision in the case, it was dismissed. It was added to the rules of the school that this was not â€Å"severe, pervasive and objectively offensive† to an extent that it can constitute a violation of the Title IX of the school rules. The reason that the case was dismissed was that the members of the court there was an act of intentional indifference. It might have been probable that the victim mother acted on her own terms to protect her daughter. According to the law, there is no course of action against the school.

Why M&A's failure is a topic of key strategic relevance Dissertation

Why M&A's failure is a topic of key strategic relevance - Dissertation Example On the other hand, external factors include the actual market condition where the cross border mergers and acquisition took place, the actual market competition that happens within the industry level, and the role of government intervention through policies and regulations. Specifically the case of SAIC was unique as compared to the British Aerospace (BAe), BMW and Phoenix Consortium is because the company decided to create business alliance with MG Rover through joint-venture method rather than acquisition method. Since SAIC agreed to enter into joint-venture arrangement with MG Rover, the company (SAIC) was able to free itself from the risk of having to share MG Rover’s debt obligations. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................ 2 Table of Contents .................................................................... 3 I. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 a. Case Study Overview ............................................... 6 a.1 Historical Background of MG Rover †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 a.... .................................................. 14 III. Research Methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 17 a. Primary Research Method †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....†¦.. 17 a.1 Target Interviewees ........................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 20 a.2 Site of the Research Study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 21 b. Secondary Research Method †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......... 21 IV. Research Findings and Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 a. Internal Factors that Promotes a Failed Merger and Acquisition ............................................ 23 a.1 Unclear or Undefined Organizational Vision and Mission ..................................... 23 a.2 The Presence of Cultural Clashes Resulting to Organizational Miscommunication ..................................... 24 a.4 Lack of Business Integration ...................... 26 b. External Factors that Promotes a Failed Merger and Acquisition ............................................ 29 b.1 Market Condition ........................................ 30 b.2 Market Competition within the Industry ...... 31 b.3 Government Policies and Regulations ....... 33 V. Conclusion and Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 36 a. Conclusion .............................................................. 36 a.1 MG Rover and the British Aerospace (BAe) . 36 a.2 MG Rover and BMW ................................... 38 a.3 MG Rover and Phoenix .............................. 41 a.4 MG Rover and SAIC ................................... 44 b. Recommendations ............................................. 44 Appendix I – Historical Timeline of MG Rover †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 47 Appendix II – Semi-Structured Interview Questionnaire †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 48 Appendix III – Reasons why BAe, BMW,

Journal article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Journal article - Essay Example reasing workloads and time constraints, many of the functions solely performed by radiologists are now being performed by radiographers, leading to increased medical malpractice claims. Hence the specific objectives associated with this study are as follows: Since the introduction of the new NHS Plan in 2000, based upon reforms in the way the staff of the NHS worked, nurses and staff members were allowed to extend their roles beyond their traditional boundaries, in the expectation that it would make care more patient centred. Greater workforce flexibility and a team approach have contributed towards the provision of a high quality patient service (Woodford, 2006). The availability of skilled radiologists is limited, but financial constraints, increases in workloads and financial imperatives in the NHS have mandated a transfer of some of the functions of the radiologist to radiographers (Price, 2007). To specifically address the needs of radiographers, the proposed method was to introduce a four tiered service delivery model, wherein advanced practitioners, i.e., radiographers, were to play a key role.(Buttress and Marangon, 2008). In a recent editorial (2010), it has been argued that there is a need for a wider service perspective that can be provided by radiographers, but there is little evidence available to suggest that individual radiographers have grasped the full implications of the nature of leadership and vision that is required to perform these roles successfully. The distinction between an â€Å"advanced† versus â€Å"extended† role for radiographers has been clarified by  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Hardy and Snaith (2006), who point out that role extension is the acquisition of additional skills, duties and responsibilities beyond those expected of the post while â€Å"advancement† assumes the attainment of a higher level of professional knowledge and ability. Radiographers fall under the category of extended practitioners while radiologists conform to the advanced

Transforming Giftedness into Talents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Transforming Giftedness into Talents - Essay Example (Bonner and Jennings, 2007)Â   This work will explain how giftedness can be transformed into talents. A couple of issues complicate behavior hereditary examines are classified as the discussion and correlation concerning hereditary and ecological influences. In the present record, the consequences of genotype-environment discussion and correlation upon behavior hereditary studies (twin and adoption studies) are analyzed. The research suggests that genotype-environment discussion might prejudice dual study rates of hereditary and ecological affect yet need not have an impact on adoption studies. On the other hand, genotype-environment correlation might have an impact on both dual and adoption study rates of hereditary and ecological affect, the actual path from the consequence with regards to the indication from the correlation. (Subotnik & Jarvin, 2005;) Children who are gifted may develop asynchronously: their brains can be prior to the actual physical development, and certain cognitive and social-emotional understanding might not exactly display spectacular levels of achievements caused by ecological conditions for instance minimal prospects to learn because of lower income, discrimination, or perhaps ethnical hindrances; caused by actual physical or learning problems; or caused by motivational or emotive issues. That dichotomy between possibility of and exhibited achievements features ramifications pertaining to schools when they design software programs and services pertaining to gifted pupils. (National Association for Gifted Children, CSDPG/NAGC, 2009). Theories along with empirical inspections have usually been designed on certain functions, complementing as well as sometimes clashing more than ideas associated with expertise and contesting the components associated with expertise progress or talent development. A few have suggested that giftedness itself is a misnomer, wrongly taken as a

A Reflection on Dads Old Cottage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Reflection on Dads Old Cottage - Essay Example The few daffodils at the entrance smile at me. The leaves and the remaining trees, as well as everything in the surrounding, would have probably loved to be heard as to the events that have often taken place. At the same time, I felt it was also the time for everything in the surrounding to listen to me pour out the nostalgic feelings that filled me; how just the other day we lived in the structure with dad, mommy and my sisters and how things have changed beyond the point of no return. At the door, I am welcome by the woodpecker, which takes a flight. As the door opens, it seems to it cannot mince the joy of meeting one of its masters again, as evidenced by the production of screech sounds by the hinges. As I get in, I find the building inclusions smiling at me. The pictures on the wall, the furniture, the falling ceiling seem to be saying ‘son, welcome back. We have never missed you’. It is a place that one would love to stay in. I take a walk around to explore the ful l feelings. I rediscover the other part of this world. I discern that the structure stands isolated at the end of the ranch. The structure is now old seems to be on the final stages of its life. By looking at the structure, one can derive a lot of unpleasant memories. The remaining trees and few stumps do not seem to be moved by the unfolding events. As walk, my feet interact with the dried leaves that seem to give unwelcoming sound. Even the few daffodils at the entrance can only be described as lonely and displaced. The woodpecker has taken over the cottage door and takes a scary flight. As I open the door, it is apparent the hinges were hardly prepared to see me again. As I come to face with what is in the building, everything, including the pictures on the wall, the furniture and the falling ceiling seem to be lamenting on why I had forsaken them. The only smell is that of the decomposing woods and memories.

Medication errors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Medication errors - Essay Example In addition misdiagnosis and fatigue while attending to patients account to a large percentage of the errors. There are several instances throughout the medical process where medical errors can occur right from diagnosing the patient to the point where treatment is prescribed and administered by the relevant parties. Among these instances include documentation, dispensing, administering and monitoring a majority of which are carried out by nurses. This places a large responsibility on their hands and explains why medication errors and the safety of the patients lie at the core of being a nurse. The roles medical practitioners play in the occurrence of medical errors clearly cannot be overruled and it therefore goes without say, clear guidelines and procedures will go a long way in managing them (Clinic, 2011). This paper will outline the cause of medical errors, its prevention how it is reported and steps that could be taken to ensure the safety of patients. From the approach that hu man errors amount to the greatest percentage of medical errors there are two angles medication errors can be viewed from. The first angle looks at the error as being caused by human frailty. Poorly paid, overworked and unmotivated employees tend to overlook a number of critical issues which are crucial and if unattended amount to medical errors. Similarly human nature such as forgetfulness, not paying attention to details or even negligence of laid down procedures while administering care to patient’s directly cause medical errors. The second approach on the contrary views these errors in the medical field as being caused by a combination of factors surrounding the institutions. There exists an array of issues among them a broken line of communication that leads to decisions amongst practitioners being made based on partial or wrong information. This approach looks at the errors as being caused by the systems in place and for this reason they are bound to occur unless the cor rect measures are taken to prevent them. Based on this, much as human error may stands as the principle cause of medication errors, the conditions surrounding nurses and other medical staff go a long way in determining the safety of patients and in the long run preventing these errors. Even though issues handled within the hospital are diverse every one of which has a unique way of solving, most errors are recurrent and tend to fall into a pattern and therefore changes in the right policies will advertently reduce the number of medical errors. Furthermore it is important to note even the most meticulous and the very best of professionals make mistakes and placing such errors squarely on medical officers is a definite oversight. An error could occur as early as in the diagnosis stage of a patient or during the latter stages of administering treatment and drugs. All medical staff involved in this process can be the cause of such an error and therefore are directly or indirectly affect ed by its effects. Patients largely sit on the receiving end of medical errors and tend to carry the burden of its adverse effects. In the case of a misdiagnosis they get the wrong treatment and will still have to seek treatment again over and above the fact that they may suffer from deadly side effects if not fatal. These additional treatment costs impact heavily on the hospitals financials. In addition the hospitals reputation is spoilt due to malpractice and possible

High School and Graduation Essay Example for Free

High School and Graduation Essay Time gets closer to the day we move our tassels from senior to graduate. Graduation steps on the back of our heels like the annoying freshman running late for class. It acts as if it is going to creep up on us, but we all know it will be here soon. It tip-toes in the back of our minds. Graduation: a day of freedom, maturity, and proof that nobody is any better than another. â€Å"There are many different ways of following through†¦ Sometimes it’s about going there, not getting there. Sometimes it’s the journey that teaches you a lot about your destination. â€Å" –Drake. This quote says a lot. He actually spoke at a graduation, and told that graduation class this same thing. This quote reaches out to me because I know my journey will be a rough journey. Becoming the person I want to be after high school is a journey all its own. I hope I get to where I want to be. Even if I do not, I have learned. Although graduation is only a few months away, I am getting nervous. I am nervous. But graduation day will be the day I go from high school student to adult. Age is just a number. Intelligence proves adulthood. I am proud to say I am looking forward to graduation day. I am looking forward to becoming an adult. I am looking forward to taking that next step in my life. I want the rest of my class to be as ready and nervous as I am because I will not feel alone. I know I am not the only one who feels this way. Every senior all around the United States is put in this position. We all do the same thing. We all walk onto that stage, shake hands, smile, wait for a picture and walk off with our high school diplomas in hand. Adults and older siblings did not lie when they told me that my four years of high school will be the best four years of my life. I have had an amazing four years. I have lost friends, gained friends, met some amazing people, and even met some people that I did not want to meet. I got put in positions I was not sure I was mature enough to handle. I handled them though. I got forced to make choices I did not know I needed to make on my own, but I made them and I know I made the right ones because of the person I am today. I am already ready to walk on that stage and smile. Smile big for those who made choices that caused them to not be able to walk with me. I smile for the  people who have tried to bring me down in life so far. And most of all I smile for myself, I smile because I made it. I made it to this graduation day; a day full of freedom, maturity, and proof that nobody is any better than me.

In Depth Analysis Of The Toyota Motor Corporation Marketing Essay

In Depth Analysis Of The Toyota Motor Corporation Marketing Essay The main products for the company are categorised into three segments they are automobile, finance and housing communication system. The core business was automobile segment engages in the design, manufactures and sales that includes a car smaller than a compact car to luxury and sport vehicles, as well as trucks, SUVs, buses and minivans. Additionally Toyota produces automotive parts and accessories for its own use and for sale to others. Popular models include Land cruiser, Lexus line, Camry (best selling passenger car in America, 2004) and Corolla as well as the Tundra (Motor trends truck of the year, 2000). Toyota annual sales approximately reaches 7.5 million models on all five continents (America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia) in which the main markets for both Toyota and Lexus brand vehicle is the United States, followed by Japan. The other highest markets areas are U.K, China, Australia, Canada, Germany, Thailand, Saudi Arabia and the South Africa. In all, Toyota markets vehicles are more than 170 countries/regions. The global main competitors for Toyota are VW group, General Motors, Renault Nissan, Hyundai Kia and Ford. As shown in the appendix1 during the year 2008 Toyota dominates the global light vehicle sales with the highest market share of 14% by overtaking the main rivals like GM and Hyundai Kia in the midst of recession, instead booms the profit. But the position among the competitors changed drastically in the year 2009. The financial summary of Toyota for the year 2009 is tabled as follows. (Billions of yen) The financial report clearly shows that during the year 2009 Toyota made a net loss of  ¥437 billion ($ 4.3 billion) that never happened from the past 1950. It happens due to the worst sales, when company could not sell up to that volume in which that company take out its costs which related to production and sales. Whilst Toyotas president, Fuji Cho openly avowed in the year 2002, that Toyota is aiming for 15% of the global market share by 2010 accommodating itself with the new global vision named as Innovation into the Future. The new theme (vision) consists of four elements they are recycling based society, development of motorization on a global sale, diverse society, and age of information technology. Hence with the severe competition Toyota continues an effortful attempt to attain a goal outlined in the Global Vision 2010 by increasing its competitiveness. ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AFFECTING THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY: According to Johnson scholes (1999), different steps to be followed in environmental analysis for finding the strategic position of the organisation they are 1) Assessing the nature of environment, 2) Auditing environmental influences, 3) identifying key competitive forces, 4) identifying competitive position and finally identifying the key opportunities threats. The external environment, as a determined element remain a topic of interest in management literature (Joshi and Campbell 2003; Nahm et al., 2003). Hence, a balance relationship between environment and manufacturing strategy is complex for organisation to achieve success (skinner, 1969; Hayes and Wheelwright, 1984). On the other hand Pagell and Krause (1999,2004) argued that manufacturing flexibility is a global event in high performance organisation regardless of the environment they operate in. However, it is difficult to handle environmental uncertainty (complex) by depending only on primary analysis which is derived from the output of diversity ensuring that different parts of firms responsible for different aspects of diversity are unattached, and given resources and authority to handle their own part of the environment (Johnson and Scholes 1999). Considering the above factors the analysis of Toyota Motor Corporation in the automobile industry is carried out with help of analytical tool kit such as PESTLE and FIVE FORCES. PESTEL ANALYSIS: As shown in the Appendix-II PESTEL analysis for Toyota Automobile Industry is done with respect to the geographical locations of U.S and Japan. The most vital factors from the analysis have been taken and described below to find the current opportunities and threats of the company. The automotive industry is subject to various government regulations including those related to vehicle safety and environmental issues such as emission levels, fuel economy, noise and pollution. Many governments also impose tariffs and other trade barriers, taxes and levies, and enact price or exchange controls. Toyota has incurred and expects to incur in future, significant costs in complying with these regulations. New legislation also subject Toyota to additional expenses in future. As an automotive manufacturer, Toyota may became subject to legal proceedings in respect of various issues, including liability and infringement of intellectual property and Toyota is in fact currently subject to a number of pending legal proceedings could adversely affect Toyotas future financial condition and results of operations. Toyota is subject to various risks associated with conducting business worldwide. These risks include political and economical instability, natural calamities, fuel shortages, interruption in transportation system, wars, terrorism, labour strikes and work stoppages. The occurrence of any of these events in major markets in which Toyota purchases materials, parts and components and suppliers for the manufacture of its products or in which its products are produced, distributed or sold, may results in disruptions and delays in Toyotas business operation may adversely affect Toyotas financial condition and result of operation. The worldwide financial services industry is highly competitive. Increased competition in automobile financing may lead to decreased margins. A decline in Toyotas vehicle unit sales and residual in value risk due to lower used vehicle price increase in the ratio of credit losses and increased funding costs are factors which may impact Toyotas financial operations. The likelihood of these factors materializing has increased as a result of the ongoing rapid worldwide economic deterioration and competition in automobile financing has intensified. If Toyota is unable to adequately respond to the changes and competition in automobile financing, Toyotas financial services operations may adversely affect its financial condition and result of operations. Increase in prices for raw materials that Toyota and Toyotas suppliers use in manufacturing their products or parts and components such as steel, precious metals, non-ferrous alloys including aluminium and plastic parts may lead to higher production costs for parts and components. This could in turn negatively impact Toyotas future profitability because Toyota may not be able to pass all those costs to customers or require its suppliers to obsorb such costs. PORTERS FIVE FORCES: Michael Porter identified five forces that affect an industry. These forces are degree of rivalry, threat of substitutes, barriers to entry, buyer power, and supplier power. For the more on this framework proposed by porter, see Appendix. Viewing the automotive industry through the framework of porters five forces can be helpful in understanding the forces at play. Degree of Rivalry: The automotive industry is highly competitive with Big 3 such as GM, Ford and Daimler Chrysler. In the 1980s the Toyota entered a fairly disciplined U.S market and have been very focused in growing their shares of the market. The great diversity of rivals in terms of cultures and philosophies has intensified rivalry in the Industry. Market growth is slow in the established markets of U.S and Europe, and companies must fight fiercely to eke out gains or prevent losses in market share. However, growth is potentially huge in the rapidly industrializing nations of China and India. In these booming markets Toyota could take advantage of the opportunities to reap handsome awards. The degree of rivalry in the automotive industry is further heightened by fixed costs associated with manufacturing cars and the low switching costs for consumers when buying different makes and models. Threat of Substitutes: The threat of substitutes to the automobile industry is fairly mild. Numerous other forms of transportation are available, but none offer the utility, convenience, independence, and value afforded by automobiles. However there are inherent underlying social and cultural attitudes that keep people from owning automobiles in some parts of the world. Barriers to Entry: The barriers to enter the automobile industry are substantial. For a new company, the start-up capital required to establish manufacturing capacity to achieve minimum efficient scale is prohibitive. An automotive industry is quite specialized and in the event of failure could not be easily re-tooled. Buyer Power: In the relationship between the Toyota and its ultimate consumers, purchasers of finished vehicles, the power axis is tipped in the consumers favour. Consumers wield the greatest power in this relationship due to the fairly standardised nature of the vehicle and the low switching costs associated with selecting from among competing brands. However, Toyota remains marginally powerful due to large customer to produce ratio. The automotive industry is a dynamic place. With the forces above at play, and with history as a guide, it is safe to stay that the Toyota must continue to change, evolve and adapt. OPPORTUNITIES: Increasing Demand for Hybrid Vehicles: Globally it is estimated that the demand for hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs) will be approximately 4 million units by 2015. Rising oil price and more emissions regulation are likely to increase the demand for HEVs, as hybrid vehicles are less polluting and less operating cost (more fuel efficient) when compared to conventional diesel and gasoline engine, Toyota industries has strong focus on devices for plug-in hybrid vehicles. The companys competency on hybrid technology is likely to drive growth in the medium term. Establishment of New Material Handling In North America: Toyota is formulating a program to expand its material handling equipment in North America. In this context, in March 2010, Toyota industries determined to create a newly owned sub-subsidiary, Toyota material handling North America (TMHNA). Previously, both Toyota and Raymond used to closely work together to boost business efficiencies in the areas of manufacturing, quality and procurement. Though, TMHNA has officially created to integrate management and operational activities in North America. Establishment of TMHNA would enhance the regional co-ordination and increase the performance of the material handling equipments products of Toyota industries. Growing Opportunities in Emerging Automotive Products: Toyota is now concentrating on the new markets such as India, China, Russia and Middle East region seeing that these markets are expected to view a strong growth in the future. In addition, Toyota also provides automotive logistic services. The company, with powerful automotive business operations, would be aided by the growing vehicle demand in these emerging markets. THREATS: Kyoto Protocol: The Kyoto protocol for the lessening of carbon emission went into effect in 2005, which results on industrialized countries to cut-down their green house gas emission from the 1990 level by 5.2% by an average level during 2008-2012. Consequently, Toyota appointed the prevention of global warming as one of its strategic management issue and concentrate on measures to reduce global warming, which lead to increase in the cost structure of the company drastically. Intense Competition: Toyota is involved in competition with many automobile companies at home and abroad. Any differences in the allocation of management resources and in competitiveness of cost or technology are likely to impact the companys status in the automobile industry and its business performance. Toyota industries compete with the competitors having large volumes of business and greater financial resources than those of the company. High level of competition in the market place could affect Toyota business operation and could erode in market share. Exchange rate Fluctuation: Toyota industries encompass the production and sales of products and the provision of services worldwide. Toyota is sensitive to the fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and is principally exposed to fluctuations in the value of the Japanese Yen, the U.S Dollar and the Euro. In the recent Japanese Yen appreciated significantly against the U.S Dollar. The strengthening of the Japanese Yen against the U.S Dollar can have a material adverse effect on Toyota Industries reported operating results, which may in turn affect the valuation of the company. ANALYSIS OF THE TOYOTA STRATEGIC CAPABILITIES: According to Haberberg and Riepel (2008) capabilities are things that customers and other stakeholders notice when they are dealing with an organisation. Hence it is vital to identify the capabilities of Toyota, which is carried out with the frame work of resource based analysis (appendix- ) and value chain analysis. Value Chain Analysis: One key program is called value stream mapping, an analysis tool the automaker has been using to improve assembly line productivity is supply chain. Toyota manages the supply chain so efficiently that its production process is near perfect and it simply known as TPS (Toyota Production System), which developed by Toyota to deliver more effectively the products which their customers require, in a timelier manner than traditional management approaches. The unique management system of Toyota made a different relation with the suppliers when compare to other competitors, they are Frequent and reliable deliveries from suppliers Quality parts Small lot size Supplier network Communication with suppliers Proximity to the customers Single sourcing Long-term contract Supplier training Reduced lead time. Toyota is not asking suppliers to reduce price and profit instead, to find a way to minimise cost without having any negative impact on customer value. The present situation is Toyotas ability in developing the TPS and in integrating the policies and practises of their own that is the extension of internal policy deployment through their supplier association into the supplier network and the active co-ordination and development of suppliers, directly and indirectly through the widespread application of the Toyota production system. Resource Audit: Resources of Rolls Royce can be grouped under then following four headings they are Physical resources, Human Resources, Financial resources and Intangibles. STRENGTH: Robust RD Capabilities: Toyota industries actively carry out its research and development activities. Its RD activities can be broadly divide into two areas product development and improvements performed independently within each business division and RD undertaken mainly by the RD centre separate from the activities of its business division and with a view toward company wide- management strategy. Strong RD capabilities helps the company to keep up with the latest technological developments in the market and also helps in developing new products and technologies, thus contributing to the rapid growth of the company. Strong Engineering Capabilities: The company has strong engineering capabilities, for instance the Toyota is extending its product portfolio to include hybrid engines and hybrid vehicles. The company also manufactures electric compressor for hybrid vehicles. The companys strong engineering capabilities allow expanding its product portfolio. WEAKNESS: Overdependence on Japan: A Toyota industry is highly dependent on the Japanese market for its revenues. This overdependence on Japan could have a dampening effect on the companys revenues if the companys sales in Japan do not grow as expected. Addition to this the concentration of operation in this area increases Toyota industries exposure to country specific factors such as changes in raw material prices, labour strikes, changes in economic conditions, and most important increasing competition price from low-priced products. Evaluation of Possible Future Strategies for the TOYOTA: After scanning the environment, performing the SWOT analysis, that showed a weakness in Toyota may at the same time huge opportunities. Now we need to know how to use this opportunities to overcome the threats, minimise the weakness and maximise the strength. Toyotas success is largely based on its forward-thinking, innovative management style and its rigorous standards of quality. The Toyota production system is much-studied strategy of design and manufacturing which emphasizes streamlining and elimination of waste giving rise to the Just in Time and Lean manufacturing movements and continuous error checking and improvement. In addition, Toyota has repeatedly been ahead of the trend in investing new technologies. Instead of focusing on reducing labour costs, Toyota has increasingly automated their production facilities. And with the release of the Prius in 1997, Toyota introduced the first mainstream hybrid vehicle, cashing in on the demand for fuel economy and reduced environmental impact. Like the Prius, the section line successfully addressed a new consumer sector, a plan that Toyota will continue to follow. These strategies combine to give Toyota a significant sustainable competitive advantage. In order to realize the image that Toyota is striving to achieve it is important to undertake a paradigm change from the following three perspectives they are are technology development, management and profit structures Acquisition of a Competitor: Acquisition of competitor is known as improvement strategy of expanding its core business. The acquisition will lead to rise in market share (barney and Hesterly, 2010) for Toyota through market penetration, market development and market expansion, if the acquire company is operating in more and different emerging markets. This form of acquisition is called horizontal integration and would lead to an increase in market share and decrease in competition. Toyota to exploit the merging market such as India and China it should acquire the existing competitor so that it is easily strengthen the market position and open new opportunities for competitive advantage New Strategic Capabilities: There are strong competitors for Toyota in the technology, marketing and manufacturing. Therefore to reduce the intensity of rival among the major players, Toyota can look into joint venture strategy to capture the emerging markets such as China, India and Russia. Implementation of Strategic Change: Surviving to highly competitive rapidly changing environment often requires firms to develop strategies that provide the right kind of flexibility to succeed their specific environments, thus achieving fit between the type of flexibility to succeed in their specific environments, thus achieving fit between the type of flexibility pursued and the demand placed by the environment. Negotiating: Negotiation should be there to understand the demand of both buyer and seller and these has a significant impact as the negotiations unfold and implementation begins. Implementation: Implementation is the critical part for the leadership and communication to execute the change management. The changes that should be made for merging should be planned in detail because there are many issues that are expected with acquisition such as integration challenges, culture, control system, financial operation and loss of key personal (Thompson, 2001). In order to overtake these problems Toyota has to do a proper planning and research before the implementation to get the positive outcome. Conclusion: The product developments are in increasing nature because of the emerging new markets and the technological factor is adding value to the company focusing for the next generation, hence I personally recommend on investor to invest with Toyota APPENDIX-II PESTEL ANALYSIS FACTORS IMPACT(opportunities threats) TIME SCALE POLITICAL: Political instabilities, fuel shortages, natural calamities, wars, terrorism and labour strikes Arab oil embargo turned fuel economy into an important automobile policy goal for the U.S government. The occurrences of any of these events will results in disruption and delays in operation. Prolonged disruption may adversely affect the financial conditions of Toyota Toyota Government relation are 1, Reliance on Business association 2, Personalized network and 3, emphasis on harmony. Changes in legislation Continuous process Every 5 years ECONOMICAL: Financial crisis that began in 2007 and accompanying sharp declaration of vehicle sales during 2008 serious challenges for all automakers. Energy crisis. Rise in price of gasoline. Exchange rate fluctuation with respect to Dollar Establishment of new material handling company in north America which will limit the cost of exporting the vehicle to US Alternative energy efficiency technology and more investment in RD Big cars got smaller, small cars got better Drove down demand for big, expensive cars, and pilled in capital from Japan and elsewhere, which helped drive up the dollar In March 2010 Continuous Continuous Continuous SOCIAL: Demand for fuel efficiency by consumers Intense Competition More demand for hybrid electric vehicles Resulted in more choices for buyers and searching opportunities in emerging market Estimated within 2015. Continuous TECHNOLOGY: Rising energy cost and increased emissions regulation are likely to increase the demand for hybrid vehicles. Toyota industries has strong focus on hybrid vehicles Demand to reach within next five years. ENVIRONMENTAL: Kyoto protocol The emergence of government regulation for vehicle safety and emissions. Reduction of green house by 14% from the 1990 level within 2012 4years LEGAL: Toyota may became subject to various legal proceedings in respect of various issues, including product liability and infringement of legal property, and Toyota in fact currently subject to a number of pending legal problems Adversely affect the Toyotas future financial condition and results of operation Continuous NOTE: Analysis mainly based on the Japan and US geographic location Appendix-III Porters Five Force Model New entrants Industry Competitors Intensity of Rivalry Buyers Suppliers Substitutes Appendix-IV Value Chain Analysis Reliance on Business association (internationalization)-well connected to each other and with politicians and bureaucrats. Personalized network- The use of personalized /informal network for political influence and mobilization in Japan is a more visible and frequent activity than in many other industrialized countries. Emphasis on harmony- strong emphasis on harmony among firms and policy makers.

The Narrator of One Hundred Years of Solitude Essay -- One Hundred Yea

The Narrator of One Hundred Years of Solitude Who is this narrator of One Hundred Years of Solitude? He or she knows the whole history of the Buendias better than any of them know it. But the narrator is not quite omniscient. For example, the opening sentence (quoted earlier) and Pilar's insight into the "axle" of time are two of the very few places where the narrator claims to be able to read a character's thoughts. Generally, we get to know characters from close observation of what they say and do, and we have to infer what they may be thinking. The narrator's knowledge also fails us in the one great unresolved mystery: Jose Arcadio, elder son of the founder, is murdered in his bed, but no one ever knows by whom. The narrator is also ignorant of who guns down all of the colonel's illegitimate sons and, in fact, seems as surprised as we are when the last survivor from among these sons appears in Macondo and is also shot down. There are two likely candidates for narrator. One is Melquiades, the gypsy magician and wise man...

The Problem with Presidential Primaries Essay -- Politics Political Es

The Problem with Presidential Primaries Ever since the election season of 1972, presidential primaries have become â€Å"the dominant means of selecting the two major party candidates.†i[i] The primary system is one in which the eligible voters of each state do one of the following: 1) Vote for a presidential candidate to run for their party in the general election. 2) Vote for a delegate pledged to vote for a certain candidate at the party’s national convention. As intended, this process would bring the candidate selection processes out into the open and â€Å"let the people vote for the candidate of their choice.†ii[ii] On the surface, this may look very democratic (and admittedly, in some instances it was/is), but upon closer examination, it becomes overwhelmingly clear that the candidates are chosen long before the people cast their vote. The culprit: the structure of the presidential primary system. The most influential structural element of the new primary system is the newfound practice of the political parties choosing a favored candidate before the primary season. The parties then throw all their support and financial backing behind this candidate and instantly make him/her a front-runner. While this element is standard among the two parties, the remaining structure of the primary system differs between the two main political parties. While both the Democratic and Republican parties hold open and closed primaries, the two parties hold many of their state primaries on separate dates. Additionally, the two parties have different rules that determine how each state’s delegates are allotted. The Democrats practice the proportional representation method of delegate allocation. The Republicans, on the other hand, pract... ... Online. Internet. 18 Mar. 2000. Available: http://www.thegreenpapers.com/Definitions.html#Prop. i[iv] â€Å"New Hampshire Republican Delegation 2000.† The Green Papers: Election 2000. 1 Mar. 2000. Online. Internet. 18 Mar. 2000. Available: http://www.thegreenpapers.com/PCC/NH-R.html. v[v] â€Å"Delaware Republican Delegation 2000.† The Green Papers: Election 2000. 9 Feb. 2000. Online.Internet. 18 Mar. 2000. Available: http://www.thegreenpapers.com/PCC/DE-R.html. v[vi] â€Å"South Carolina Republican Delegation 2000.† The Green Papers: Election 2000. 4 Mar. 2000. Online. Internet. 18 Mar. 2000. Available: http://www.thegreenpapers.com/PCC/SC-R.html. v[vii] â€Å"The Green Papers: Election 2000 Presidential Primary Season.† The Green Papers: Election 2000. 18 Mar. 2000. Online. Internet. 18 Mar. 2000. Available: http://www.thegreenpapers.com/.

IMC and ethical concerns Essay -- essays research papers

IMC and Ethical Concerns With the constant advances in technology, the business world has become global. Companies compete with the business across the street as well as the business halfway around the globe. Organizations must be innovative to not only thrive but also just to survive. They must be aware of the internal and external factors both locally and globally that can affect their business. Internal Factor and External Factors Internal factors are within the organization. They encompass the marketing mix, ethics, corporate culture, and diversity. The company should ensure that the internal factors are conducive to and support the marketing message that they are trying to convey. If a company’s advertised benefit is excellent customer service, employees need to be empowered to take care of customer concerns quickly. If the organizational structure is vertical, the internal factors may not be in line with the message and will create dissatisfaction among consumers. External factors are factors such as the culture or social standards in a community, the economic status of the nation, technological advances, legal parameters, the competitive landscape, and ethics. These factors are not within the control of the company. Businesses should be flexible and be able to react to changes in the business environment and implement necessary changes internally. In order to do this, research is essential. A compan y must know all that they can about their product or service, the loca...

Florence Nightingale

Abstract On her death in 1910, Florence Nightingale left a vast collection of reports, letters, notes and other written material. There are numerous publications that make use of this material, often highlighting Florence’s attitude to a particular issue. In this paper we gather a set of quotations and construct a dialogue with Florence Nightingale on the subject of statistics. Our dialogue draws attention to strong points of connection between Florence Nightingale’s use of statistics and modern evidence-based approaches to medicine and public health.We offer our dialogue as a memorable way to draw the attention of students to the key role of data-based evidence in medicine and in the conduct of public affairs. 1. Introduction 1. 1 Who Was Florence Nightingale? Florence Nightingale (1820 – 1910), hereafter referred to as FN, made remarkable use of her ninety years of life. She was the second of two daughters, born in England to wealthy and well-connected parents. There were varied religious influences. Her parents both came from a Unitarian religious tradition that emphasized â€Å"deeds, not creeds†.The family associated with the Church of England (Baly 1997b) when property that FN's father had inherited brought with it parochial duties. A further religious influence was her friendship with the Irish Sister Mary Clare Moore, the founding superior of the Roman Catholic Sisters of Mercy in Bermondsey, London. Her father supervised and took the major responsibility for his daughters’ education, which included classical and modern languages, history, and philosophy. When she was 20 he arranged, at FN’s insistence, tutoring in mathematics.These and other influences inculcated a strong sense of public duty, independence of mind, a fierce intellectual honesty, a radical and unconventional religious mysticism from which she found succour in her varied endeavours, and an unforgiving attitude both toward her own faults and towar d those of others. At the age of 32, frustrated by her life as a gentlewoman, she found herself a position as Superintendent of a hospital for sick governesses. Additionally she cooperated with Sidney Herbert, a family friend who was by now a Cabinet minister, in several surveys of hospitals, examining defects in the working conditions of nurses.On the basis of this and related experience she was chosen, in 1854, to head up a party of nurses who would work in the hospital in Scutari, nursing wounded soldiers from the newly declared Crimean war. Her energy and enthusiasm for her task, the publicity which the Times gave to her work, the high regard in which she was held by the soldiers, and a national appeal for a Nightingale fund that would be used to help establish training for nurses, all contributed to make FN a heroine.There was a huge drop in mortality, from 43% of the patients three months after she arrived in Scutari to 2% fourteen months later, that biographers have often att ributed to her work. Upon her return to England at the end of July 1856 FN become involved in a series of investigations that sought to establish the reason for the huge death rate during the first winter of the war in the Crimea. Theories on the immediate cause abounded; was it inadequate food, overwork, lack of shelter, or bad hygiene?In preparation for a promised Royal Commission, she worked over the relevant data with Dr William Farr, who had the title â€Å"Superintendent of the Statistical Department in the Registrar-General’s Office†. Farr’s analysis persuaded her that the worst affects had been in Scutari, where overcrowding had added to the effect of poor sanitation. Sewers had been blocked, and the camp around had been fouled with corpses and excrement, matters that were fixed before the following winter. The major problem had been specific to Scutari.FN did not have this information while she was in the Crimea. The data do however seem to have been re adily available; they were included in a report prepared by McNeill and Tulloch (1855). The strain of FN’svarious involvements, and perhaps residual effects from an illness that she had suffered while in the Crimea, in due course took their toll. A year after her return to England, she suffered a nervous breakdown, emerging from this personal crisis with views that were often remarkably different from those that she had held earlier.Of particular interest is a change from her demand that nurses should follow to the letter instructions from doctors, to her view that nurses ought, within their proper area of responsibility, to make their own autonomous judgments. Small (1998, pp. 119 – 127, 178) has extensive and perhaps overly speculative comment on the reasons for the nervous breakdown, and an interesting analysis of ways in which her views changed. The data that showed that the high mortality was specific to Scutari were included in FN’s 1858 report, but omitte d from the 1857-1858 Royal Commission report.It was feared that continuing and acrimonious attempts to assign blame would jeopardise ongoing efforts at army reform. FN, unhappy at this suppression of her evidence, sent copies of her report to a number of carefully chosen recipients, each time with instructions to keep it confidential. One of the recipients was the freethinking popular journalist Harriet Martineau. With FN’s help, she wrote a book (Martinueau 1859), ostensibly based on information from public documents but using FN’s confidential report for additional background information, that gave the facts as FN understood them.FN’s biographers, perhaps relying too much on official documents, have not until recently been mindful of these nuances. See Small (1998, p. 198 – 200) for further discussion is one of the first to recognise them. A comprehensive biography of FN, that will do justice to the wide-ranging sympathies and interests of this remarkab le woman and show how her views changed and developed over time, has yet to be written. Small (see the note on his web site) and Baly (1997b, pp. 1-19) both draw attention to inaccuracies in earlier biographical accounts.Vicinus and Nergaard (1989) have much carefully documented biographical information. Among the numerous web sites that have material on FN note C. J. McDonald (2001) who emphasises connections between Nightingale and the experiences of soldiers in the Vietnam War; L. McDonald (2002) who is leading a project to publish all Nightingale’s writings; and Small (1998). Small’s web site has the data (from Nightingale 1858) that the Royal Commission suppressed. 1. 2 Hospitals and Hospital Nursing FN had remarkably radical views on hospitals and on hospital nursing. Both in 860 and in 1876, she describes hospitals (Baly 1997b, p. 25; Nightingale 1876) â€Å"as an intermediate stage of civilisation. † In 1867 she wrote (Baly 1997b, p. 21) â€Å"my view y ou know is that the ultimate destination is the nursing of the sick in their own homes. †¦ I look to the abolition of all hospitals and workhouse infirmaries. But it is no use to talk about the year 2000. † Consistent with these views, FN’s Notes on Nursing (1859) are not intended â€Å"as a manual to teach nurses to nurse†, but are â€Å"meant simply to give hints for thought to women who have personal charge of the health of others. It may thus seem ironic that, in her work with the Nightingale fund, FN was deeply involved in the development of hospital nursing training. She opposed the British Nurses’ Association’s 1890 proposals to make nursing into an accredited profession (Baly 1997b, pp. 184-196). She noted that there was no widespread agreement on what constituted an adequate training or what the minimum qualification should be, and argued that a much longer experience was needed before a register could be contemplated. The qualities t hat were required in nurses were not amenable to test by public examination.FN did however see an important role for women medical professionals. She wanted women to take leading roles in midwifery and in the diseases of women and children, and to be as well or better trained for these tasks as the men who at that time had a professional monopoly. It was her view that â€Å"There is a better thing than making women into medical men, and that is making them into medical women† (Nightingale 1871). She looked to a time when, as had happened in France, women would be professors of midwifery.She set out the immediate steps that she thought would best achieve that end. FN worked relentlessly for reform, in the army, in the hospitals, and in public health. She was meticulous in researching the reforms that she proposed. Where, as often, data were unavailable or inadequate, she pressed for their collection. Data inadequacies are strong themes in her Notes on Hospitals and in her Intr oductory Notes on Lying-In Institutions, i. e. , on maternity institutions. She made strong, consistent and carefully argued cases for enlightened and data-based public decision-making.This is not to say that FN was always correct in her judgments. In her next to final contribution to the dialogue, FN comments on a controversy that erupted following the publication of the third edition of her Notes on Hospitals. Her use of the term mortality percent for deaths per hundred beds per day, which she copied from Farr's report as Registrar-General, was unfortunate. As she seems to admit a page later in the Notes, these figures were not a good basis for comparing the sanitary states of different hospitals. Florence Nightingale I was really moved when Dr. Howe advised Florence that â€Å"If you have a passion, the only way to satisfy it is to pursue it. † Yes, you will only be satisfied in your life when you pursue your passion on something because if not, you will only regret it and in the end you weren’t able to help other people as well as yourself. Florence really did not neglect God’s call to her and this really demonstrated the passionate side of her. Thanks to Dr. Howe, she found out that nursing is really her calling. I also admired Florence’s determination when she rejected Mr. Milnes and preferred to concentrate on her career. For me, to have a passion the same as her, marriage would really interfere with her ability to follow her calling. This is because it would really be difficult for Florence to manage a family when she is definitely drawn into helping other people. Florence is a good leader because she is understanding to the other nurses and all of them will really follow her orders. She is smart and knowledgeable in the proper health care. Florence has that â€Å"magic† in healing and also she has a strong persona when she is dealing with dying patients. Furthermore, who knew how much prejudice there was against nurses before? It was really a terrible prejudice, considering nurses as little more than â€Å"hangers-on† and the prejudice in the army was shocking. The head doctors would prefer to see soldiers die than let the nurses trained by Florence work in the military hospitals. Compared to nowadays, nurses are really respected and honoured because of the love and care they give to their patients. It is good to be reminded of the damages prejudice can cause and just how powerful it is as a social force The film was outstanding for me. The portrayal and the flow of the story were good. Jaclyn Smith was very good as Florence Nightingale. And the film really showed the complete detail of Florence Nightingale’s works in the field of nursing.

What is BigData?!How is it secure!!

Nowadays the volume of data and information has grown massively since the beginning of computer , so did the ways of processing and handling those on-growing data , the hardware software and so did the ability to keep those data secure has evolved as well , mobiles , social-media and all deferent types of data caused the data to grow even more and more !! the huge data volume has exceeded a single machine processing capacity and conventional competing mechanisms ! Which led to the use of parallel and distributed processing mechanisms but hence data are expected to increase even more ,the mechanisms and technique as well as hardware, software need to be improved . IntroductionSince the beginning of computers, the people had used landline phones but now they have smartphones. Apart from that, they are also using bulky desktops for processing data, they were using floppiest then hard disk and nowadays they are using cloud for storing data. Similarly, nowadays even self-driving cars have come up and it is one of the Internet of things (IOT) examples. We can notice due to this enhancement of technology we're generating a huge amount of data. Let's take the example of IOT, have imagined how much data is generated due to using the smart air conditioners, this device actually monitors the body temperature and the outside temperature and accordingly decides what should be the temperature of the room. So, we can actually, see that because of IOT we are generating a huge amount of data. Another example of smartphones, every action even one video or image that is sent through any messenger app will generate data. The data that generate from varicose resources are in structured, semi-structured and structured format. List this data is not in a format that our relational database can handle and apart from that even the volume of data has also increased exponentially. We can define Big data as a collection of data sets very large and complex that it is difficult to analyze using conventional data processing applications or database system tools. In this paper firstly, we will define the big data and how to classify a data as big data. Then, we will discuss the privacy and the security in big data and how the infrastructure techniques can process, store and often also analyses a huge amount of data with different formats. Therefore we'll see how Hadoop solve these problems and understand few components of Hadoop framework as well as NoSQL and cloud. What is a big data and how to consider a data as a big data? A widely definition of big data belongs to IDC: â€Å"big data technologies describe a new generation of technologies and architectures, designed to economically extract value from very large volumes of a wide variety of data, by enabling the high-velocity capture, discovery, and/ or analysis† [ (Reinsel, 2011) ] According to the 4V's we can classify the data as a big dataThe 4V's are: 1- Volume of data: it is tremendously large. 2- Variety: different kinds of data is being generated from various sources: Structured: have a proper schema for your data in a tabular format like table.semi-structured schema is not defined properly like XML E-mail and CSV format. un-structured like audio video images. 3- Velocity: data is being generated at an alarming rate. With Clint-server model the time came for the web applications and the internet boom. Nowadays everyone started using all this applications not only from their computers and also from smartphones. So more users more appliances and hence a lot of data. 4- Value: mechanism to bring the correct meaning out of the data. We need to make sure that whatever analysis we have done it is of some value. That is it will help in business to grow. Or it has some value to it. [ (MATTURDI Bardi1, 2014) ] Infrastructure techniques   There are many tools and technologies used to deal with a huge amount of data (manage, analyze, and organize them): Hadoop: It's an open source platform managed under the Apache Software Foundation, and its also called-Apache Hadoop-, and it applies processing a huge amount of data â€Å"It allows to work with structured and unstructured data arrays of dimension from 10 to 100 Gb and even more†[ (V.Burunova)] and that have done by using a set of servers . Hadoop consists of two modules that are, MapReduce which distributed data processing among multiple servers and Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) for storing data on distributed clusters. Hadoop monitors the correct work of clusters and can detect and retrieve any error or failure for one or more of connecting nodes and by this way Hadoop efforts increasing in core processing and storage size and high availability. â€Å"Hadoop is usually used in a large cluster or a public cloud service such as Yahoo!, Facebook, Twitter, and Amazon† [ (Hadeer Mahmoud, 2018)]. NoSql:Nowaday, the global Internet is handled with many users and large data. To make large numbers of users use it simultaneously. To support this, we will use the NoSql database technology. NoSql: it is non-relational database starting in 2009 used for distributed data management system [ (Harrison, 2010)]  Characteristics of NoSql :Schema less: data insert into Nosql without first defining a rigid database it provides immense application flexibility.Auto-Sharding: data prevalence through server automatically, without requiring application to participateScalable replication and distribution: more machine can be easily added to the system according to the requirements of the user and software.Queries return answer quickly.Open source development.The popular models of NoSql:Key value-store.Column OrientedDocument StoreGraph Datab ase  [ (Abhishek Prasad1, 2014)]2.MapReduce frame work :is an algorithm that was created by google to handle and process massive amounts of Data (BigData) in reasonable time using parallel and distributed computing techniques, in other-words data are processed in a distributed way before transmission, this algorithm simply divides Big volumes of data into many smaller chunks. These chunks are map-ed to many computers then after doing the required calculations the data are brought back together to reduce the resulting data set , so as you can see the MapReduce algorithm consists of to main functions :   User-defined Map function : This function takes an input pair and generates a Key/Value set of pairs, the MapReduce library puts all values with same integrated key, then it will be passed to the reduce function. User-defined Reduce function:   Function that accepts all integrated keys and related values from the map function to combine values in-order to form a smaller set of values . Its generally produce 1 or 0 output values.   Ã‚  MapReduce programs can be run in 3 modes:   A. Stand-Alone Mode: only runs JVM (java virtual machine) , no distributed components it uses Linux file system.    B. Pseudo-Distributed Mode: starts a several JVM processes on the same machine.C. Fully-Distributed Mode: runs on multiple machines distributed mode it uses the HDFS. Sparks. (Yang, 2012 )Stands for Scalable Big Bioacoustics Pressing Platform.Is a scalable audio framework existed to handle and process large audio files efficiently by converting the acoustic recordings into a spectrograms(Visual representation of the sound) and then it analyses the recording areas ,this framework is implemented using BigData platforms such as HDFS and Spark . B2P2 main components are:A. Master Node: this node is responsible of manage distribution and control all other nods , its main function are :1-File-distributor, Distribution-Manager : it splits the file into smaller chunks to be distributed on the slave nodes.2-Job-Distributor, Process-Manager: assigns processing tasks that runs on each slave node and gather the outputted files. (Srikanth Thudumu, 2016)A Comprehensive Study on Big Data Security and Integrity Over Cloud Storage Big data requires a tremendous measure of capacity. Information in Big data might be in an unstructured organization, without standard designing, and information sources can be passed the conventional corporate database. Putting away little and medium measured business association's information in a cloud as Big Data is a superior choice for information examination work store Big Data in Network-Attached Storage (NAS). The Big Data put away in the cloud can be broke down utilizing a programming procedure called MapReduce in which question is passed and information are brought. e extricated inquiry comes about is at that point lessened to the informational index important to question. is inquiry handling is at the same time done utilizing NAS gadgets. though MapReduce calculation utilization in Big Data is all around refreshing by numerous analysts as it is without an outline and file free, it requires parsing of each record at perusing point. Is the greatest hindrance of MapReduce calculation use for inquiry preparing in distributed computing. Securing Big Data in Cloud there are a few techniques that canbe utilized to secure hugeinformation in cloud conditions. Inthis area, we will analyze a couple oftechniques.1- Source Validation and Filtering:Data is originating from varioussources, with various arrangementsand merchants. the capacity expertought to confirm and approve thesource before putting away theinformation in distributed storage.the information is sifted through thepassage point itself so security canbe kept up. Application Software Security:the essential worry of Big Data is tostore a gigantic volume ofinformation and not about security.Subsequently, it is prudent to utilizeinitially secure renditions of soproduct to get the data. through opensource, so product and freeware maybe modest, it might bring aboutsecurity breaks. Access Control andAuthentication:the distributed storage supplier mustactualize secure access control andconfirmation systems. It needs tofurnish a few solicitations of theclient's with their parts. at thedifficulty in forcing theseinstruments is that solicitationsmight be from various areas.Scarcely any safe cloud specialistorganizations give validation andaccess control just on enrolled IPtends to in this way guaranteeingsecurity vulnerabilities24. Securingfavored client get to requires all-around characterized securitycontrols and approaches. (Ramakrishnan2, 2016) References  Abhishek Prasad1, B. N. (2014). A Comparative Study of NoSQL Databases. India: National Institute of Technology.Hadeer Mahmoud, A. H. (2018).An approach for Big Data Security bassed on Hadoop Distributed file system . Egypt: Aswan University.Harrison, B. G. (2010). In Search of the Elastic Database. Information Today.MATTURDI Bardi1, Z. X. (2014).Big Data security and privacy: A review. Beijing: University of Science and Technology.Ramakrishnan2, J. R. (2016). A Comprehensive Study on Big Data Security. Indian: ournal of Science and Technology.Reinsel, J. G. (2011).Extracting Value from Chaos. IDC Go-to-Market Services.Srikanth Thudumu, S. G. (2016). A Scalable Big Bioacoustic Processing Platform. Sydney: IEEE.V.Burunova, A. (n.d.). The Big Datsa Analysis. Russia: Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University.Yang, G. (2012 ).The Application of MapReduce in the Cloud Computing. Hubei: IEEE.

Hrm: Procter & Gamble

Human resource management is a vital part to any business striving to be successful in the world. Every business has a way that they like their business to be ran. Human Resource management is the â€Å"policies, practices, and systems that influence employee’s behavior, attitudes, and performance. † Without human resource management many companies would simply not be able to function correctly. Human resource management deals with every practical part that has to do with people in general. It depends on the employees of a company to want their company to be a success.It is always a team effort to make sure everything is right and acceptable. This paper explores the different aspects of human resource in a company. It details the relationship between human resource strategies and business strategies. It shows specific strategies that will benefit a company’s overall objective. The strategic partner is discussed greatly in the paper. The paper discusses the situat ion where the strategic manager reports to the CEO or in some cases where it does not. Procter and Gamble is the company that will be discussed in regards to its business and human resource strategies.There are key competencies that the strategic manager must follow to assess what is needed to develop programs for a company. The career path for a senior executive is also discussed. | The human resource department of a company usually formulates more than one strategy. They all come together for one purpose and that is the success of the company. In order to advance to an actual strategy a company’s human resource department must go through many steps devising. A company’s human resource strategy usually consists of many things such as, what the company, employees, and sometimes their customers need.The relationship between human resource strategies and business strategies aids in the outcome of the company’s goals. One of the main goals of human resource managem ent is to make sure that the company’s human resource provides a competitive advantage over other companies. There are many problems that exists that cause human resource management to choose other routes for the company. The strategies the company chooses can be â€Å"the specific adjustments and actions taken to deal with a particular situation. † That is the reason there is always more than one strategy in business. For every problem, a new solution is needed to solve it.The human resource strategy and business strategy go hand and hand. Human resource typically is what helps the company’s business strategy to come together. The human resource department decides on recruitment, compensation, recruiting, training and development and also evaluating performance. Human resource has to make sure the company is competitive in relation to other companies in their spectrum. â€Å"Competitiveness is related to company effectiveness, â€Å"which means that a company must make sure that all people involved with their company are satisfied and receiving what they expect.Important people include stockholders, customers and employees. Stockholders generally expect to receive a return on their investment that they have purchased from the company. If the company cannot pay out stockholders then this must mean that the company is not making money. The customers expect a product of high quality or service just as good. People set high standards on products and services that they like. If they are not satisfied then the company has not succeeded in this. Without competition companies would probably never make the maximum profit that they are able to make.Competitiveness aids in helping a company go over and above the standard of what is expected. Human resource helps with this. All aspects of the company rely on the human resource strategy. Every company has a business strategy that they go by. What the company wants to focus on to be successful typica lly maps out their business strategy. The business strategies are usually the base of a successful business. The business strategies usually answer many questions about the company and what their expectations are for the long run.The long-term view of the company, the markets they want to pursue, what resources they need, and the main point they think about is whether they will be able to keep up and compete. The strategy a business chooses is what makes the company know how they will function. Choosing a strategy is not the end to the process, the company still has to figure out how they will apply it to the company’s way of functioning. Strategy has to be thought about on a level of what the company can do regarding the internal and external environment.The business strategy has to be able to work with both internal and external activity to be successful. Without a successful internal, there is no way the company can excel at the level that they wish to. The company uses it ’s mission, goals, external and internal analysis to reach their business strategy. The relationships between human resource strategy and business strategy have reason together. They both go hand and hand with one another. People have to believe in a strategy and this requires that leaders create the right environment for the change to occur and for believing that it can.All human resource strategies are implemented with the business strategy in mind. Human resource strategies usually provide support for the business strategy. The human resource strategies and business strategies must be aligned. The aligning of the two strategies is important because it helps the company to execute its business strategy. A company’s business strategy needs certain things from human resource. The human resource strategy must be able to complete its goals to the company by providing employees that are needed to carry out the business strategy.The human resource strategy has many feature s that aid in the future success of the business strategy. Human resource has a major influence on business strategy. A successful business depends on how well the human resource strategy is implemented to aid in the business strategy. The Procter and Gamble Company, is one of the largest packaged consumer goods company in the world. Procter and Gamble is responding creatively and competitively with branded products and services that enhance firm’s performance and their consumer’s satisfaction.Two men, William Gamble and John Procter, founded Procter and Gamble. Procter and Gamble strives to provide products and services of the best quality. Their products must be of the best standards. They strive to offer products that will take them over the competition by the customers. Procter and Gamble has come a long way from where it started in 1837. The company employs over 98,000 people and they operate in over 140 countries. Procter and Gamble first started its production b y working out of a storeroom. The business began during nationwide panic and depression.But the struggling young firm survived. Cincinnati proved a sound business base because as a meat packing center, it offered plenty of fat and oil for soap and candle making. Procter and Gamble’s profit is more than some countries GDP. They produce many products from soap to baby diapers. They are a company that many people depend on. Procter and Gamble is a company that focuses on sense and value. Procter and Gamble has a strategy of touching and improving more consumers’ lives in more parts of the world. One of Procter and Gamble’s biggest functions is the idea of innovation.Procter and Gamble are known around the world for its innovation of its products. The success of Procter and Gamble comes from the company not being afraid to take risks. They have ventured and tried many products un-related to what products they began with. Procter and Gamble owns over 300 brands. Proc ter and Gamble has prospered by organizing around customer driven innovation. Procter and Gamble works by trying to increase how much earning per share of their company is a year. It usually starts at 4% to 6% but by the end of the year it has grown a couple of percents.This helps to show the company that they are making a profit because of the increases. Procter and Gamble work to connect with the consumer and customer. The innovation of product depends on the customer’s first experience. If they enjoy it, then Procter and Gamble have found a new loyal user. The innovation strategy is a great way for the company to achieve its overall goals. If the innovation is a success than the company has a new product that consumers and customers can get. It provides satisfaction to customers, helps with the company’s profit, and would essentially be a positive thing for the company.Procter and Gamble is a company that focuses on the good of the environment and people. There are different human resource strategies that can influence Proctor and Gamble’s ability to achieve its objective. A type of human resource strategy that provides certain compensation for workers who achieve goals for that the company has set would be effective for the company. Employees would work harder to get money when there is an essential benefit to what they are doing extra for the company. It sort of challenges the employees to work over and above what they are expected by the company.Another, type of human resource strategy would be the type of recruiting the human resource department chooses. The human resource department must recruit in places where the best people are. A company wants the best and most knowledgeable workers they can get to achieve objective. A third human resource strategy could be related to benefits to customers. Any person would love to work in that offer the best benefits for both short and long term.. With this strategy, human resource would conce ntrate on helping their employees. There could be many different type of programs implemented to help employees with any need they have.There are different strategies that human resource could use to obtain a company’s objective. They all must come together for the positive influence of the company. The human resource management side of an organization is important for a business. The human resource department reports to the chief executive officer or CEO as a strategic partner. The chief executive officer expects a lot from human resource. Communication is a key for the business to rely important information to higher levels of the business. The strategic partner is the person that aligns human resource management strategies to business strategies.They would typically be the person that reports all information about human resource to the chief executive officer. By reporting to the CEO, the strategic partner is building a relationship between the two. The report the strategi c partner shares with the CEO is translating the human resource case into a definite plan. The role of strategic partner gives direct contact with the CEO. Human resource has the opportunity to more opinion of the expectations and challenges a company faces with direct contact with the CEO. Being a strategic partner provides the human resource department with more input in company decision.The consequences that a company might face because of the human resource not reporting to CEO could be minor or major. Depending on the company, the human resource aspect of the company not reporting to the CEO directly might cause a problem because of the lack of communication. The CEO is the person who is a top power of the company. When the human resource reports as strategic manager is shows the human resource department more about the company. They have more inside view of the company’s needs for future planning of human resource.The CEO’S opinion matters greatly when it comes t o human resource and their decision. All businesses must work as a team in order to achieve their overall objectives. As stated earlier, the human resource strategy and business strategy work together. Therefore without the reporting to the CEO there might be miscommunication between what is expected from both departments. The strategic partner provides good opinions to the CEO on behalf of the human resource department. Without this connection between the strategic partner and CEO, the company might lose out on vital information needed to make it better.All employees should work together for the greater good of the company. A human resource executive must know the key competencies of business in order to develop appropriate programs for the company. There are four main competencies a human resource executive must be aware of. The first is the business competence. This is knowing all about the company. The human resource executive must be aware of the company’s financial capa bilities. The business competence helps in making decisions that helps support the company’s strategic plan. This competence also deals with both monetary and nonmonetary business.The human resource executive must make decisions based on the amount of money available but also make decisions about other issues that do not require money. The next competence would be the professional and technical knowledge aspect of business. The human resource executive should know everything that regards to human resource management practices. They need to know everything and keep up with new programs and plans being applied to human resource departments. The human resource executive must be able to know what new programs can be used to benefit the company.The human resource executive also must be equipped in the ability to change. The HR executive must keep up with any change in the company. One minor change within the company’s strategy causes every department to change in a way. Cha nges might cause problems for departments. The human resource executive must be able to oversee these problems and choose the most efficient way to solve. The final thing the human resource executive must know is the integration competence. The human resource executive must be able to bring together all the competence to ensure the company’s value is up.All parts of the company’s human resource should work together to ensure the goal they are seeking to meet. With the knowing the different competencies for human resource, the executive should be able to develop different risk management programs for the company. The human resource executive should be very knowledgeable about the company and the external environment in order to assess what is needed. There are many jobs available in the field of human resource management with many different salary ranges. Of course, the top paying human resource job ould be senior human resource executive. A college degree and postgradu ate work are what most workers of the human resource profession have. Many companies train beginning human resource workers by letting them work in different departments of the business. When they eventually move up in the HR department they have a sense of how the business is ran. The path to being a senior human resource executive comes with time and experience. A person must always start at the bottom and make their way to the top. There are many HR jobs available with different specialization.A person must climb the corporate ladder in order to become a senior HR executive.References Anonymous. â€Å"Strategic HR Review. † Chicago: Jan/Feb 2005. Vol. 4, Iss. 2; pg. 6, 1 pgs. Bates, Steve. â€Å"FACING the future. † HRMagazine 47. 7 (2002): 26. Business Source Elite. EBSCO. Web. 28 Apr. 2010 Berger, Lance A. â€Å"Anatomy of a successful HR executive. † HR Focus 75. 3 (1998): 11. Business Source Elite. EBSCO. Web. 28. Apr. 2010. Harrington, Siam. â€Å"Human Resources. † London: Apr 2007. Pg. 25, 2 pgs. Leonard, Bill. â€Å"What Do HR Executives Want from CEOs? †. HRMagazine 43. 13 (1998): 92. Business Source Elite. EBSCO. Web. 28 Apr. 2010. Noe, Raymond. , Hollenbeck, John. , Gerhart, Barry. , Wright, Patrick. Human Resource Mangement: Gaining a competitive advantage. 5th edition Saporito, Bill. â€Å"Making P & G New and Improved. † Time International (South Pacific Edition) 16 (2008): 53. Business Source Elite. EBSCO. Web. 27. Apr. 2010. Strategy, Goals & Progress. Procter & Gamble. www. PG. COM (26. Apr. 2001) â€Å"What CEOs Want From HR. † HR Focus 79. 9 (2002): 1. Business Source Elite. EBSCO. Web. 28 Apr. 2010.