Mechanics at Its Finest: An Annotated Bibliography Essay

â€Å"According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, job prospects for mechanics who complete postsecondary education training programs, such as those offered by trade schools and community colleges, should be good, while those with only a high school education will have a more difficult time†. Joseph, Chris â€Å"Benefits to an Auto Mechanic.† Demand Media. Ehow, 15 Aug. 2003. Web. The Bureau of Labor suggests that the benefits of becoming and automobile mechanic are much higher as you proceed to college. A credible and educated mechanic is going to get hired over an aspiring mechanic. College makes the chances of you getting a higher paying career more likely. Being educated in this type of field is critical to the work environment. If you are not educated the likely hood of a mistake is extreme which could cost you or the company that you are working for a large amount of money. College is recommended when going into mechanics but is not always a necessity depending on the shop or company hiring you. â€Å"Mechanics with five to nine years of experience earn between $13.98 and $20.40 per hour. Those with 20 or more years of experience can earn from $17.81 to $24.94 per hour as of 2010. Joseph, Chris â€Å"Benefits to an Auto Mechanic.† Demand Media. Ehow, 15 Aug. 2003. Web. Like any job opportunity the more experience that one has will aid your ability to find a higher paying job. Mechanics pay is off of an hourly wage and the shop fee. If you are a mechanic and you have experience then you can get jobs done quicker which in turn makes you a higher profit compared to an inexperienced mechanic who takes longer to complete tasks. The mechanics field is like a ladder. The faster you get the more money you make so the more equipment you can buy. By having your own shop and high end equipment you will become better known to the community and you will rece ive more clients. â€Å"One of the best things about being a mechanic is that you are doing something new every day†. Cahn, Jeff â€Å"Reasons to Become a Mechanic† List My Five. Auto Repair, 21 Oct. 2011. Web. If you are a person that craves to always be doing something new this is the job for you. Day to day you are always working on cars but you are not always working on the same cars or replacing the same parts on a car. This career choice comes along with a lot of problem solving. If something does not go as planned you have to figure out a way around it but still be able to fix the problem. â€Å"In order to succeed as a mechanic, you have to be constantly learning. This is not a field where you can just sit back and hope for the best. There is always something new to learn. Mechanics have always had to grow and adapt, from carburetors to fuel injection and now to hybrids. Now they have laser ignition systems in the works. If you stop learning, you stop earning†. Cahn, Jeff â€Å"Reasons to Become a Mechanic† List My Five. Auto Repair, 21 Oct. 2011. Web. Cars have evolved over time as mechanics have been forced to evolve. A repair might be presented to you that you have never accomplished before or that you are not familiar with but you still have to fix dilemma that is purposed to you. If you decided that you can’t do the work because you stopped learning or you don’t want to make the mistake you are losing money and some other shop is going to get the business. You have to keep an open mind and learn constantly as cars get more complex. In this field of interest you need to have a good memory on how to resolve predicaments. In turn if you do not remember how to resolve a particular problem, the time you spend trying to remember or trying to learn again is money that you are wasting, because shops basically operate off of a flat rate. This is the amount of money paid by the customer up front, for a certain amount of hours. The only way to make a profit is to finish within or before the set amount of time is up. â€Å"There is a great satisfaction in seeing a car come in on a tow truck and leaving the shop with the customer driving it home because you fixed it. As they say, â€Å"Enjoy what you do and you’ll never work a day in your life†. Cahn, Jeff â€Å"Reasons to Become a Mechanic† List My Five. Auto Repair, 21 Oct. 2011. Web. If you enjoy helping people and making their life easier than this is a good job for you. When you help someone that needs their car for daily activities it is a great feeling knowing that their life was put on hold and you are the one that made if resume. To be a mechanic you need to have good communication with people. If customers come is and aren’t able to pay the flat rate you have to be able to compromise and not lose business or the trust of you custome rs. If you earn the trust of the customers and show them that this is your passion and it’s not all about the money they will most likely come back to you instead of another shop. â€Å"While most shops don’t offer the normal benefits — medical/dental/vision/401K, etc. — you do get the benefit of being able to work on your vehicles at a discount. You pay the shop cost for parts and you are the labor. You can keep your family’s vehicles up and running cheap. Cahn, Jeff† â€Å"Reasons to Become a Mechanic† List My Five. Auto Repair, 21 Oct. 2011. Web. Most jobs come with the benefit of health and medical insurance. Mechanics does not have that option. Although a high risk job of getting injured it is not a complete deal breaker. Mechanics have the advantage to help friends and family out with maintaining their cars to save them money. With the money that you save on car repairs for your family you can buy separate insurance for about the same cost. Perhaps you own your own shop you will have the option of getting and supply medical coverage for you and your employees. Even though mechanics doesn’t have a fantastic insurance plan it is not a deal breaker for people with a passion for cars. Not to mention when you get credibility in the industry, nicer and more expensive cars will come in to be worked on. This job is definitely not the most beneficial but is not the least either. Mechanics make decent money according to how well they work and how fast they get the job done. If you feel like you have to do something different every day or you feel like you need to always be busy this is the career for you. This career is all about learning and fixing. Mechanics is a great deal of manual labor, lifting, replacing, and fixing everyday problems that are presented to you. There will always be a demand for Auto mechanics because of the growing car market. More and more cars are made every day which creates a demand for mechanics. Mechanics is my passion and my love and with all my knowledge I hope to help the community.

I Have No Sympathy for Macbeth Essay

Shakespeare’s tragedy of Macbeth is written about a story of a Scottish thane (Macbeth), whom, fuelled by burning desire and ambition, urged on by his wife and also triggered by the three witches’ equivocation, murders his king, Duncan. Despite Macbeth’s negative attributes such as his greed, corruption, paranoia, the audience still retains and pities Macbeth due to the fact that Shakespeare employs soliloquies, humanity and tragic flaw. Judging Macbeth superficially by his actions alone leaves the reader no choice but to consider him as evil and immoral; yet when one examines the full presentation of his character and understands his mental struggles (through his soliloquies), a feeling of sympathy is evoked. Throughout the whole play, Macbeth is shown as having a conscience. Prior to his murdering of Duncan, Macbeth has serious reservations about following through with the assassination, with Shakespeare portraying Macbeth as a eluctant murderer. After all, his ambitions for the throne were only made public after hearing a prophecy, which the audience later realises as an equivocation, made by witches. Even then, he weighs up his reasons for and against murdering Duncan and concludes, â€Å"If chance will have me King, why, chance may crown me, without my stir†. This shows the audience that Macbeth has a clear conscience and realises that there is no way back once he has done the deed. Shakespeare juxtaposes Macbeth’s conscience to Lady Macbeth’s, whose conscience does not kick in until the very end of her life, when the enormity of the deed suddenly dawns upon her whereas Macbeth’s conscience was there from the start. This makes the audience realise that Macbeth is not all evil, and that he has only human, which more or less makes the audience understand his actions and sympathize with him. Upon thorough examination of his conscience, he realises that as Duncan’s kinsman, subject and host, his duty is to protect Duncan and â€Å"not bear the knife myself†. When he remembers the virtues of Duncan’s kingship, he concludes that his only reason for murdering him is his own â€Å"vaulting ambition†. At this point he firmly tells Lady Macbeth that, â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business†, expressing his desires to put an end to all talks about murder. This gains further sympathy from the audience, as they understand the emotional turmoil of Macbeth’s mind and further proves the point that Macbeth is only human. Shakespeare also uses other characters to further build on the audience’s sympathy for Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is one of the many characters that Shakespeare employs. When Macbeth refuses to go ahead with the mission to kill Duncan, Lady Macbeth, however, persists. She plays a critical role in the build-up to the murder where she uses her powers of persuasion to make Macbeth change his mind by taunting him with questions about his courage and masculinity: â€Å"Art thou afeard? †, and also equating murder to manliness and courage. This makes the audience see that Macbeth is a reluctant murderer and that his wife was the driving force behind the murder, which makes the audience wonder if Macbeth would have gone ahead with the murder if Lady Macbeth was not there, thus garnering unexpected sympathy in this area. In the end, however, Macbeth caves in at the urging of Lady Macbeth, killing Duncan and framing the guards to tricks the rest of the high-ranking Scots to think that the murder was some sort of plot formulated by the king’s sons Malcolm and Donaldbain. The three witches are also used as means of obtaining sympathy for his main character. Throughout parts of the play, the witches appear, only to toy with Macbeth’s conscience by prophesising, through the use of equivocation, about his future. The audience is first introduced to the witches in the very beginning, which is a way of Shakespeare communicating to the audience about the major parts the witches play throughout the whole production. After all, it is the three witches that toy with Macbeth again and again, making him in their words by equivocating only parts of the truth, thus portraying Macbeth as vulnerable and still human: â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter†. This equivocation fuels on Macbeth’s long burning desire and all consuming ambition to be King of Scotland. This leads on to Macbeth murdering Duncan for his title and ultimately, his tragic fall at the hands of Macduff. The audience sees that the three witches made equivocations and can relate to Macbeth as a human being as he wrongly believes the lies of others, which eventually led to his untimely death. Thus, because the audience can relate Macbeth to a real life character, he is pitied on and sympathised with. Soliloquy in Shakespeare’s work allows the audience to dive in a character’s mind. It is that extra view that makes the audience see what the characters in Shakespeare’s work can’t see. Shakespeare cleverly writes the murder scene, where he does not write the particular actions Macbeth murdering Duncan, but rather focusing on the inner torment or the soliloquies of the villain rather than the suffering of the victim to gather more sympathy for Macbeth. The audience witness Macbeth’s doubts through his soliloquies beforehand through the clever use of imagery: â€Å"He’s here in double trust†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and his feelings of guilt: â€Å"Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood lean from my hand†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , regret: â€Å"wake Duncan with thy knocking! I would thou couldst! † and horror: â€Å"I am afraid to think what I have done. Look on it again I dare not† after the murder of his king. This portrayal of Macbeth’s troubled conscience suggests that, despite his evil deeds, he never entirely loses his humanity. Also, the air-drawn dagger that leads him to Duncan’s chamber, the voices he hears and the ghost of Banquo are all products of Macbeth’s guilty conscience and vivid imagination, adds to his image as only human. This point is even further explored in the killing of Macduff’s family (ordered by himself). While he appears to be unaffected by the dreadful slaughter, Macbeth is initially reluctant and unwilling to fight Macduff in Act V because he has too much of his family’s blood on his conscience. This is witnessed again through his many soliloquies throughout the play: â€Å"My soul is too much charged with blood of thine already†. This quote also shows continued evidence of Macbeth’s troubled conscience and his humanity, which evokes a certain degree of sympathy from the audience. Shakespeare also portrays Macbeth as a tragic hero who possesses a certain degree of humanity. The readers also feel some sympathy for Macbeth in his painful awareness of the high price to be paid for achieving his ambition by evil means. No sooner has he killed Duncan that he beings to realise that he will never sleep peacefully again, having murdered â€Å"the innocent sleep† of a good king. This act of realisation evokes further sympathy from the readers, as they begin to understand a character that is very much flawed in his hungry desire for ambition. While Macbeth’s morality decline dramatically and his actions become more evil and appalling, the reader still retain a degree of sympathy and understanding for him. They realise that while Macbeth does evil, he is not evil. While he is a ferocious warrior who carves a bloody path through the ranks of his enemies on the battlefield, he is too sensitive to play the roles of a murderer and butcher unaffected. Macbeth is essentially a noble individual whose finer qualities are corrupt by ambition. This prevents Macbeth from being portrayed as the complete monster he had become. Therefore, Shakespeare masterfully makes Macbeth a tragic hero, saving him from being a full-fledged villain. This tragic hero theme is also shown after the murder of Banquo and his subsequent haunting by Banquo’s ghost as Macbeth mourns that he has passed the point of no return and has no choice but to continue with murder. Shakespeare writes these scenes with the intentions of having the audience know Macbeth’s guilty conscience, which is done with the intention of generating some degree of compassion for him. This morality in Macbeth is further explored at the end of the play when the combined forces of Macduff, Malcolm, and Siward are ready to attack Dunsinane castle to depose and dispose of Macbeth where Macbeth is holding fort. He has the choice of waiting out the siege in his castle that is stocked with enough supplies to last a long time but instead, Macbeth elects to take on the challengers in battle, declaring, â€Å"I’ll fight, till from my bones my flesh be hacked†. His court officer Seyton tries to convince him otherwise, but Macbeth will hear nothing of it. It is this display of bravery against his foes that finally secures sympathy for Macbeth as he goes down valiantly in battle rather than cowardly in the depths of his castle. In the end, because Macbeth is a flawed hero and not a super hero, because he is capable of doing great right and great wrong, the audience can empathise with him. They can understand his motivations and actions, even though the audience may not like them, because they are the same motivations that drive all human beings. It is because of his humanity and morality, portrayed through his soliloquies and his fatal flaw, does the audience understand Macbeth’s actions so that they retain a degree of sympathy for him through to the very end of the play.

Morality Play Essay

In life people strive consistently to choose between what is right and wrong. Most never take time to critically evaluate what factors drive their moral compass. Most have never taken the time to understand the conflicts that arise within their moral decisions. Analysis of the philosophical quiz â€Å"Are you a moral realist? † results gave me the opportunity to scrutinize my own moral compass. To follow I will discuss my opinion on the results of the quiz and the impact it had on my foundation of morality. I agree completely with the analysis. Upon completion of the quiz I learned that I was a moral objectivist and a moral relativist. Questions number two and eight provided me with the most glaring obvious evidence of my moral inconsistency. I felt very strongly that what is right or wrong depends on individual viewpoints and society supports this statement. When the Supreme Court is hearing case a group of justices vote on what is right. They don’t always the same opinion but the perception of what is being told is what makes a law and dictates what is right. Question number eight is in direct conflict because in no uncertain terms I believe it is wrong no matter whom you are, where you are, to torture innocent babies just for fun. My strong feelings in that regards completely nullifies right and wrong being based on individual viewpoints. The quiz result stating my position is inconsistent is correct. I was surprised by the results of the quiz; it opened my eyes to the truth of my ethical principles. I understand now that morality is something that I have failed to evaluate. The truth that I have discovered of my morality is that it is in conflict. This conflict exists because I have been guided by outside factors in my views of what is ethical. For example, politics tells me that freedom of religion is a right protected in the constitution so in my mind it became wrong to challenge someone’s religious views no matter what their views made them do. Being that I rationalized it is not justifiable to challenge someone religious views then a woman put to death in another country in the name of religion is not wrong due to the religions moral authority. I can say I have indeed fell victim to the distinguishing between descriptive ethics and normative ethics. Individuals have a diverse array of moral beliefs, which vary from person to person and culture to culture. To say this is to simply describe what is the case (Chaffe pg. 225). I have come to realize a person being killed in the name of religion is something that happens but it doesn’t mean that it is something that should happen. One could say my moral compass pointed north on some occasions and south on others. I see clearly that in every circumstance when a question was asked I thought how it applied to me. In truth my ethical judgment comes from a selfish place. In each scenario my determination was made by looking at what is appropriate for me and secondly society as a whole. I think the inconsistency in my morally can be attributed to two facts. The first is what is good for me always comes first and that I am torn between allowing descriptive and normative ethics govern my decisions. With morality there is what is and what should be, and with my own personal morality the same applies. My personal conflicts ethically stem from failure to consciously asses my moral compass. Morality is much more than someone’s beliefs governing their actions, it’s about an acceptance of what is right and wrong universally no matter a person’s culture, religion, or background. By assessment of my moral compass I have uncovered that I must take a closer look at what should be and stop being guided by what is. Bibliography Chaffee, J. (2011). The philosopher’s way: thinking critically about profound ideas (4th ed. ). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall.

Strengths, weaknesses and uses of the Economic Value Added Essay

Strengths, weaknesses and uses of the Economic Value Added - Essay Example Economic Value Added (EVA) model also referred to as economic profit refers to the value created above the shareholders investment. Basically, shareholders and other investors are more interested in EVA since it depicts the actual returns that a company makes after the cost of financing the company’s capital is deducted. In order to obtain the economic profits, the cost of capital must be less than the return on the firm’s capital employed. This paper candidly evaluates the uses of Economic Value Added model in a business as well as its strengths and weaknesses.Uses of EVAÃ'ŽEVA is obtained by subtracting the cost of capital from Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT).In this regard, Al Ehrbar (2008) depicts that it is a useful tool for measuring the extent to which value has been lost or added on the business performance. After accounting for the various aspects covered by the balance sheet, EVA indicates the amount of the residual income. There are various factors th at cause an increase of EVA. First, if capital employed does not increase and the NOPAT increases. Secondly, EVA increases if the additional capital invested generates more returns than the cost of capital. EVA can also increase if the capital that was earlier invested in a business is divested if it fails to cover the cost of capital used by a business.

Web Activity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Web Activity - Coursework Example edicare patients who had enough wastes removed from their blood during dialysis (Dialysis Adequacy) in 2010 and patient Survival for January 2007 to December 2010. #9. This information would assist a patient in selecting a dialysis facility by showing you a comparison against all facilities in the United States against those in California with the one that you are looking at. This page also shows you which survival category the patients at the chosen dialysis centers fit into. #10. I would chose West Coast dialysis Center as their survival rate is as expected and this facility had a higher percentage of patients than the others who offered scores and was just under the national average in amount of patients who had enough wastes removed from their blood or had a URR of 65 or more. This facility also had a higher percentage of patients with hemoglobin over 12, 8%, which is less than the national average of 11% of patients. This is a measure that can be used to show how well anemia is managed that is associated with

Fish oil Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fish oil - Assignment Example This effect is achievable when fish oil is consumed with amino acids. Another benefit of fish oil is that it enhances the immunity by supporting the white blood cell activity (Sears, 2014). It also enhances insulin sensitivity in muscles and promotes the delivery of nutrients across the cell membrane. Furthermore, it is beneficial in acceleration of metabolism and reduction of triglyceride levels. Ultimately, omega-3 plays a crucial role in brain development, especially in babies and recent research shows that it is beneficial in treating cognitive conditions, dementia as well as Alzheimer’s disease (Sears, 2014). The digestion of fish oil occurs in the small intestines through the process of hydrolysis by the pancreatic lipase and bile salts to produce two fatty acids and a monoglyceride that are absorbed in the intestines and reassembled to triglycerides (Maroon, 2006). The triglycerides are transported into lymphatic channels and later into the blood stream by chylomicrons (Maroon, 2006). Bioavailability refers to the ability of the ingestible capsule of omega 3 fatty acids to be absorbed by the body into the bloodstream, tissues and organs. Bioavailability is important because it determines the amount of capsule to be ingested for proper effect on the body (Wexler, 2007). Research demonstrates that the most bio available fish oil is that with the re-esterified triglyceride form. Ingestion of omega-3 supplements is more effective after a meal as compared to ingestion on an empty stomach (Wexler, 2007). The risk of heart diseases is best prevented by lowering the levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLS) and blood cholesterol and increasing high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) in the blood. Eskimos diet consists largely of fatty fish. It is noteworthy that obesity in this community is prevalent (Luten, 2006). Recent studies conducted on sardines and salmons, which are their main food revealed that, albeit their heavy weights,

Changes Made to America Society during WWII Essay

Changes Made to America Society during WWII - Essay Example The Second World War brought various changes in America. The war affected all the spheres of life including economic, political and social life. Economically, the economy was strained since all the efforts were aimed at winning the war(Kennedy, 2005).The war led to various to effects on labour, and the government came up with various policies to support the economy and the much-needed resources and labour. Controls were put on the economy, the most crucial ones being the price controls put on most products by the office of price administration and wage control (Mansfied, 1951). Hence, goods were sold at the set prices and traders had no autonomy to set their prices. Employee wages were controlled to specific ranges and amounts. A rationing system was introduced to provide for minimum amounts of necessities to everyone so as to prevent inflation that was eminent due to over production of industrial goods and low production of necessities (Kersten, 2000). Rationed goods included rubber, due to the interruption of natural rubber; gasoline with limits being set on the amount of fuel one could use, food items and, as a result, ration coupons were introduced to purchase basic food items such as milk, sugar, margarine. Every household booked rations while taking into consideration the number of family members. The children guided each family on the amount of rationed goods they would receive. The production of most durable goods like cars and house appliances were banned until the end of the war.

Adam Smith Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Adam Smith - Term Paper Example The behaviour of the economy and its interaction with the agents and actors of the economic system of a particular country has been noted and studied by various economists. This paper shall discuss one of the most noted and prominent economists, along with his contribution, background, and school of thought for the subject. Adam Smith Adam Smith has been one of the most prominent and noted economists of his time. He was born in Kirkcaldy Scotland in 1723, and, later, went to Oxford at the age of 17. In the year 1951, Smith was appointed at Glasgow as a professor of Logic, and within one year, he was made the Chair of Moral Philosophy. Besides being a Scottish social philosopher, Smith was also the founder of the political economy. He had proven to be one of the chief personalities of the Scottish Enlightenment, and had also authored some major academic works including An Inquiry into the Nature, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, 1759, and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 1776. His spec ial achievement, The Wealth of Nations, is generally regarded as the very first of the modern works in the contemporary economic society these days (Butler, Eamonn, 2007). Through this work, Adam Smith has attained huge respect and reputation, this works has been ranked the most prominent, and significant works ever published in the field of economics. Smith is broadly known as the father of capitalism and modern economics. Later, in the year 2009, the Scottish television channel (STV) ran votes and the economist and writer, Adam Smith, was ranked as the 'Greatest Scots' of all time. School of Thought There are various challenging and competing schools of thoughts commanding different opinions and viewpoints of the economic philosophies. The chief division in the classes of schools of thoughts includes the Classical and Neoclassical schools. Adam Smith was the pioneer of the Classical school of thought, which fundamentally stressed upon the notion of creating economic value and dist ributing the wealth of the economy between various classes including the capitalists, landlords, and the workers. One of the prominent branches of the Classical school is the Marxist school of thought. Economic Theories Just like all other economists, Adam Smith also held his own viewpoints and perceptions regarding the economic cycle that moves the world around. Due to his emerging thoughts on the subject of economic, he introduced the economic theories which included one of the significant economic theories, the Invisible hand theory. The Invisible Hand Theory Adam Smith believed that there was an â€Å"invisible hand’ in the marketplace which has always operated in order to make the markets of a self-regulating nature. This metaphor stated that all the consumers have a free will to select what to purchase and each manufacturer is free to decide what to produce and sell. Such a marketplace sets the distribution of the products and the prices which are of benefit to the ind ividuals in the community and to the community in a collective manner. This is the involvement of self-interest which forces the actors to behave in a beneficial way. The profits are maximized using efficient methods of production. Revenues are maximized through charging lower prices and the returns are maximized by investing in the urgently required industries. Thus, all the effects in the markets occur automatically and dynamically, and this occurrence, Adam Smith has mentioned, exists due to the ‘benevolent invisible hand’. All these effects take place dynamically and automatically (Helen, 2001). Contribution to Economics Adam Smith gave major contributions in the field of economics through

Inputs and Outputs Devices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inputs and Outputs Devices - Essay Example The essay "Inputs and Outputs Devices" talks about the various input and output devices used while working with computers and presents the overview of advantages and disadvantages of such devices. Computer output entails any type of information that is being provided by the computer after processing. An output device is a hardware piece that is used to display or output data which has been processed or has been stored on the computer. Examples of output devices are speakers, speech synthesizers, plotters, printers, and the Visual Display Unit. Once information has been fed to the computer, it is in electronic form. This information is in a form that can only be handled and understood by the computer, and not by human beings. The information will, therefore, need to be converted into a form that is understood by a user. This is mostly done in two ways: by printing out the information and by displaying the information on the visual Display Unit. If a user is using a machine with multimedia, he or she can have sound as an output. In this case, the sound is emitted through the speakers. These are all benefits and roles of having output devices connected to one’s computer.A peripheral device is defined as that which can be attached to a computer to increase its functionality. These devices are used in conjunction with the output devices. The output devices are used regularly by students to do their projects and assignments, and they also help to perform basic logical and arithmetic operations.

Disaster Response & Recovery Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Disaster Response & Recovery - Case Study Example In addition, a center for intelligence, training design, preparedness, technological enhancements, and strategizing should be created. It should perform researches, strategize, plan, and organize leadership training programs and seminars. The regular intelligence gathering and planning allow the current procedures to cater to the possible threats that may materialize in the future (Bloomberg, Cassano and Kilduff, 2011). Next, general guidelines on tactical directions should be created by the EMA. There should be a particular response for HazMat, chemical attacks in subways, as well as biological, radiological and nuclear attacks. Rescue measures during collapse, explosions and under-river tunnel operations (if applicable) should also be designed (Bloomberg, Cassano and Kilduff, 2011). Subgroups of individuals with the appropriate skills and knowledge for these objectives can be tapped to focus on these tasks. Safety of the respondents should also be considered. Adequate equipment, ef ficient communication, and safe procedures all contribute to the safety during disaster situations. ... It should be able to simulate a terrorist attack. It aims to widen the analytical, leadership and decision-making skills, especially in a stress-packed environment (Bloomberg, Cassano and Kilduff, 2011). This is where research efforts come in. Knowing what the terrorists are capable of doing can aid significantly the preparation of the city. Information infrastructure becomes much more vital since self-organizing groups are more common in the cities. In addition, this can be used to tap the citizenry that can provide financial support and blood reservoir after catastrophes. It was found that ample social support improves emergency response significantly (Kapucu, 2012). It should also be included in the long-term plan of the EMA to supplement the knowledge and experience in terrorism studies and leadership of the respondents. The U. S. Military Academy, Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, West Point’s Combating Terrorism Center, and Center of Homeland Defense offer c ourses regarding terrorist response. In return, the EMA and its participating agencies can hold seminars to the public, especially to individuals of a related profession, in an effort to make them more aware and prepared. They can also apply their learning to the overall preparation for terrorist attacks (Bloomberg, Cassano and Kilduff, 2011). Security improvement in vulnerable sites Individualized security systems should be implemented for subway stations, airports and other facilities where large people gather, as well as industrial enterprises, such as food, computer, electricity generating stations, oil refineries, and nuclear fuel storage facilities (Kumarl, 2012). In particular, disaster situations in HazMat facilities should be responded by personnel especially trained for it.

A Maternity Support Worker Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Maternity Support Worker - Assignment Example A Maternity support care and the work of maternity support workers basically entail antenatal care, intrapartum care and postpartum care for women and babies. Antenatal care is care present/ occurring before birth or during pregnancy. It is an important period for future parents to seek support and advice, explore their expectations as for future parents, their fears, concerns, and questions. However, this period is characterized by depression, commonly called antenatal depression/ prenatal depression. Couples are advised and helped about their depression in antenatal classes to prepare them for the possibility of antenatal and postnatal depression. Maternity support care and the work of maternity support workers basically entail antenatal care, intrapartum care and postpartum care for women and babies. Antenatal care is care present/ occurring before birth or during pregnancy. It is an important period for future parents to seek support and advice, explore their expectations as for future parents, their fears, concerns, and questions. However, this period is characterized by depression, commonly called antenatal depression/ prenatal depression. Couples are advised and helped about their depression in antenatal classes to prepare them for the possibility of antenatal and postnatal depression. During such sessions, expectant parents are informed that antenatal and postnatal depressions can happen to any mother or father, are no one’s fault, are taught about the early signs and informed of available help. The healthcare worker in the antenatal stage monitors the women and their relations closely to identify any signs of depression knowing of the fact that most women mask those feelings. This is done for instance by asking the right questions./ antenatal depression can be a precursor to postpartum depression if not tackled. Tackling these depressions help make childbirth and early parenting easy as any stress felt by mother can have negative effects on feta l development which can injure both mother and child. Factors leading to antenatal depression may be an unplanned pregnancy, history of abuse, difficulty becoming pregnant, economic issues, family constraints, relationship with the father, and jobs and responsibilities. Some of the signs and symptoms of antenatal depression are inability to concentrate, difficulty remembering, feeling emotionally numb, sleep problems not related to pregnancy, extreme/ unending fatigue, extreme irritability, a sense of fear about everything, lack of feeding interest or desire to overfeed, feelings of failure/ guilt, persistent sadness, loss of sexual desire, weight loss or gain unrelated to pregnancy, inability to get excited about the baby and form or feel a bond with the baby and thoughts of suicide/ death.

Death of a Salesman Essay Example for Free

Death of a Salesman Essay Arthur Miller clearly adopted the approach of a classical Greek tragedy by asserting that Willy Loman is as appropriate as a subject for tragedy as Kings are. Miller portrays Willy as a hardworking man struggling to reach the intangible American dream by challenging Aristotelian convention and by using time as a structural motif to successfully portray the lead up to his demise. This ultimately portrays him as a modern tragic hero. The mobile concurrency repeatedly used is of a great importance to the play. They serve as a recollection of his past memories, a dream world offering to escape the harsh reality of what he is facing at the current moment in time. Leah Hadomi, in Fantasy and Reality: Dramatic Rhythm in Death of a Salesman said :When reality becomes too painful, Willy retreats into a dream world, consisting of his recollections of the past and of fantasies in which he ful? lls the aspirations, the attainment of which has eluded him in life. This statement is, to some extent, true as the dream sequence seems perfect, with a repetition of Well by Willy and Happy, when they discuss carrying bags, an ultimate perception of Willys dream world. However, even within this ordered dream world, Bernard pops the bubble in which order was maintained, as he asks Biff to study. The use of the word anaemic is interesting, as it can mean a lack of colour on the skin. Perhaps Miller is saying how Bernard doesnt fit into Willys category of normal, as normal means you have to be well liked, something that Willy maintained which ultimately lead up to his demise. We see in this mobile concurrency how Willy is trying to maintain order by dreaming yet this order subtly becomes disorder as the world doesnt exist as a floating balloon, there needs to be someone to anchor us, and in this case, it is Bernard. Disorder and order are part of Aristotelian convention: the fact that in a tragedy, disorder is after the catastrophe, yet order will try to be maintained (e. g. in Othello, Lodovico will try to maintain order in society after the death of the moor). The catastrophe here can represent the delusional present state he is living in, and the order can be maintained financially as Linda is now free. So even in his mind, there is disorder which arouses sympathy from the audience as we realise how minds are so complex. The use of place and atmosphere also brings out an Aristotelian convention. There is a cyclical quality in the play: the fact that the stage directions at the start promote an heavenly quality and towards the end there is some spiritual sense. Miller here challenges the classical tragedy approach by using long stage directions, whereas in a play like Othello, there wasnt any. The dream rising out of reality sharply contrasts with were free which Linda repeats. This reflects on the idea of the mass of the souls of the dead, and the freedom in movement. Miller clearly uses this cyclical ability as a structural time motif to reinforce the message of faith. The requiem serves to be concentrated, and allows us to make a comparison between faith as a spiritual guidance, and Willys tragedy. In classical Greek tragedy, there was some guidance in one way or the other: Othello being a Christian so he would look to god, or others having kings to look up to. However here, there is no religious grounding within the Loman home, so we understand how a lack of religion and grounding can lead to irreversible consequences. The stage directions at the start of the play also show oppressive urbanisation in the sense that the buildings are towering, angular shapes, which represent the limiting power of individualism. This backdrop against the city shows how the Loman home is insignificant. Andy Warhols paintings express the express the fragility of the American dream through his paintings, yet in this play, we see the disastrous effects of how the capitalist society leads to his demise. The fact that Miller manipulated this to allow these long stage directions be at the start portray how he wanted emphasis the corruption the capitalist society brings onto us, and this is reinforced by Howards inhumane treatment towards him: You didnt crack up again, did you? . The actual time period is also an important factor. The play was written at around the time of the 1940s, after the great boom in the 1920s had occurred, so Miller must have used the idea of the boom and how the American dream was an endless hope where one would dream of possibility and a high social status. As the Wall Street crash occurred in 1929, we see that perhaps Miller wrote this play to underline the theme that the American dream was always intangible without religion, or some grounding force, yet the Loman family didnt realise this, and this was their hamartia. One may say that because Miller himself was involved in communist activities (Arthur miller: a critical study), he had a Marxist attraction, and perhaps wants to show how Willy was completely destroyed by the capitalist society which was grappling with a much superior force (Tragedy and the Common Man). His social comment made at the start of the play that Willy was past 60years of age shows how Miller is not economically viable, as in the American post war society, he is redundant. This shows how the society is mainly utilitarian, and how people can be disposed when they are out of value. Miller enforces our knowledge on the post war American society and allows us to make our decision, on whether or not his demise was due to the grappling society, or the fact that he had the wrong dreams. Miller carefully took a risk by carefully casting aside dramatic convention by focusing on overlooked people in society. He built salesman around the accumulation of small and discomforting details and discoveries such as the rubber tubing which Biff finds (draws out a length of rubber tubing). It is only the time of when this is taking place is when these small details discomfort us a lot. For example, Biff finds the rubber tubing at night, before the end of act 1, which traumatises not only the characters, but us too. This breaks the linear narrative convention and allows us to dwell on the concept that Biff exists in the way he is, (e. g. not respecting him by saying what the hell is the matter with him). Biff had no grounding from the start as we can see in the mobile concurrency (Willy leading him along by stealing), so the next act serves as false hope to the Loman family, the hope that Biff will understand his father, in which the audience play the supporting role which Linda usually plays. It also helps the audience feel cathartic, a sign of relief, before the major catastrophe of his death occurs. Miller successfully manipulated the time in order to show a recurring death image towards the end, and to show skewed ideas on life The use of time literally slowing down the text on the page is quite significant too in act 2. Willys lines are very much fragmented, and portray the sense of Willy slowing down time. This portrays some sense of hope in the sense that the family will be normal again and the house will be argument free. The pastoral elements such as the time of the day, the coffee and the saccharine emphasis the outward appearance as some sort of synaesthesia and artifice. Perhaps it portrays how even though Willy wants to slow down time, he is more ambitious from his rest, and therefore it prepares us for his downfall later on in the play. Willys downfall is also due to the woman and Linda, and in the time the play was written, women were treated as sexual objectification, also known as the Madonna Syndrome. The repetition of the woman laughing throughout the play emphasises the fragmented state of mind Willy has and the guilt he has, associated with the woman. With Linda, we do not see any social life associated with her; all we see is that she is merely Willys supporter as she always makes excuses up for him, and the dishonesty that she knows his flaws lead to his downfall. The fact that Linda leaves Willy responsible (I cant understand it, Willy) shows incapability to guide her, and we see her character disintegrate. We therefore see, as a modern audience, how women are imprisoned, and clearly we could see that the woman was imprisoned in Willys mind (through mobile concurrency), and Linda being physically imprisoned. Miller again manipulated time to echo a social comment about women being imprisoned, so do we therefore see Linda as a tragic victim, more than Willy in society? To conclude, Miller effectively manipulates time through many ways such as mobile concurrency. Willys demise was merely his obstructions from the past which stopped him from leading on his delusional present. Miller effectively portrayed how he fell from a mediocre man to a state even lower than that on the hierarchy scale. On a personal level, the cyclical quality Miller presents in the fact that there was no religious grounding shows how nothing can be possible without faith; the cyclical quality reinforced it by using time at the start, and at the end, to see what message Miller was reinforcing.

What are the Qualities of an Effective Leader?

What are the Qualities of an Effective Leader? Mankind never had a society that did not have a leader or a leading group. Leaders were given power to decide the fate of their countries or organizations. Throughout history, scholars and historians praised great leaders, and harshly castigated incompetent ones. Great leaders brought their nation to prosperity and order, whereas incompetent leaders led the nation to ruins and made their people suffer and die. All leaders, eventually, reached a resolve; I shall make my country prosperous. There were many great thinkers who pointed out what the qualities of a good leader who can bring prosperity and order in the society, and some of them contradicted each other in the most drastic way. However, qualities of a great/effective leader are charisma that can manipulate peoples mind at ones will, mental stability that can control ones own emotions, ability to bring out the best from the seemingly most unhelpful resources, perceptive skill that can detect the truth, and brilliance of both mi nd and body with necessary cruelty and wickedness. In other words, the most effective leader should be nearly perfect or inhumane at some point. Manipulation of the human mind is, I believe, the most important quality of an effective leader. The definition of manipulation is the same as control. However, who really wants to be controlled when they have their own free will? That is why, a manipulation of a great leader is control without restriction, but control with free will. As a leader, one must constantly check whether his group of people are under his influence. Of course, most of the time, position gives a person immense influence over the people of the group, like the pope or a military leader. The pope, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, had a great influence over the strong sponsors of Catholicism until the end of Renaissance Europe. Military leaders, on the other hand, are capable of starting an uprising all by themselves. One general rule that applies in the military is simple: follow without question. This gives them the authority to control people without any difficulties, but we do not call them effective leaders just because their influence can cause substantial damage to the society. The manipulation of an effective leader is not forced, but voluntary. The case of the popes is forced because the sponsors religion requires them to help the pope when in times of need, and furthermore, if some sponsors do not cooperate, this group of non-religious people will be isolated from the community of leaders and lose what influence they had. Therefore, it is not entirely voluntary but mostly forced. An effective leader can make people do what he or she wants them to do without telling them to do so because the interest of the people lie parallel with that of the leader. An effective leaders people do what they feel necessary for them to do, without knowing that the leader wanted them to move in this way, just like how Lao tzu described a good leader. A clear example is Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin. According to the Record of the Great historian, also known as Shiji(à ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ ²Ã ƒ ¨Ã‚ ¨Ã‹Å"), by Sima Qian, although Li Shimin gained his throne through an immoral mean, he later made his nation prosperous that even when a valuable property fell on the ground, no one bothered to pick them up thinking that someone might have lost it in unconsciously. Also, when there were catastrophes that flooded a whole city, people, without taking orders from anyone, went out to help in the rebuilding process. This was in fact the very thing that Li Shimin wanted to see happen and his popularity has given him the power to manipulate people without doubting that it will cause them ruin. Some might ask why manipulation is the key element for an effective leader. Would it not be like playing god? Is it not that the same as controlling people with sweet talking, or luring children with candies? Indeed, it might look like playing god, but power of god is way beyond the abilities of humans. The god in this context is not necessarily god from the bible, but a supernatural being with immense powers to create, control, and destroy mankind. One of his powers can be described as invisible string that treats humans like puppets, whereas manipulations done by a leader is like a contract that enables each other to act, but for a very long period of time. Gods power makes men work like his puppet, a doll that can be controlled with his invisible hand, broken, and forgotten. If a person A is considered to be controllable, breakable, and forgettable by another person B, then it means that this person A is not an equal of person B, but person A becomes an inferior of person B. There are no man that can do such thing for they neither have the power to completely control another persons mind nor have the cruelty to treat everyone, including their family, as lesser than themselves. That is the limitation of people compared to the ability of a god. Now, if this is not godly at all, it seems like luring children with sweets. To this statement, I must ask; does it really? Is it a give and take process? If manipulation was indeed a give and take process, that would require one to lose a thing and gain something else. In comparison with the given idea, the leader must give something to the people and earn something, and the people should gain something and lose something. In this manipulative process, no side loses anything because the concept of pain of losing a possession is non-existent in this case. Naturally, a fact that all human can agree on is the following statement, if one loses his or her possession, he or she feels pain for the loss. In logic, when one sta tement, If P, then Q is true, then its inversion, If not P then not Q, of its conversion, If not Q then not P, becomes true, which is also called a contraposition. Considering the previous statement true, logic states that its contraposition, if one does not feel pain for loss, one did not lose anything, becomes true. Therefore, neither side lost anything to each other. Consider how two lovers give each other gifts and supports. If one side needs something, another will gladly provide it knowing very well that the giver will not benefit a lot. There is no pain of losing a possession in this situation, and furthermore, the giver will not say he has lost anything. Perceptive skill is a follow up of manipulation of people. Perceptive skill refers to an ability to see the truth and to understand a matter, object, and other people with great competence. People with this skill are likely draw closer to the essence of the problem. A leader needs this because the ability to detect the essence of the problem will most likely give a leader a very good position to start the job. If the problem is unknown, there can be no solution at all. Furthermore, if the problem is misunderstood, it is highly probable that one will never reach most appropriate answer to the problem. The case of Edward Blackbeard Teach can show that perceptive skill is one of the quality of a good leader. He understood that commanding a fleet required a man with more than just brute force. The problem was how to get a strong grip on the interest and faith of his crews and captains. He, despite being a pirate, was intelligible enough to get the attention of his crew by following their opinions. If their opinions seemed fair enough, he considered them. Also, he had an intimidating body build and face; and he did not kill or inflict harm on his captives, but cultivated a sense of fear in them, making the story to be exaggerated and avoid fighting as much as possible, and plunder without much fighting. Even during his fight, he always attached slow burning fumes to his hair and beard to give his enemies and crews a demonic image. This pirate leader achieved success mostly from his ability to see the problem with the commanding a group of people. His understanding of the working of human mind made him an epitome of pirates during his era. Another important quality of an effective leader is mental stability in any situation, which means even if someone was brutally murdered in front of him or her, he or she can maintain his clear sense of reality and give rational options for the problem. There is a proverb in Korea which says, Even if one is in a tigers jaw, get the mind right, one can survive. This means that despite any circumstance, if one can remain sane, he or she can overcome those circumstances. Therefore, control of emotion is crucial. For instance, if a leader happens to come across an incident where his people have messed with him, he will form some kind of grudge upon those people even though he knows that he should not. The grudge will keep accumulating as time passes, and leader will eventually release it with his granted power. This could be devastating for the country. An example in which a leader failed by no control of emotion is Yeonsangun of Joseon Dynasty. According to the Annals of the Joseon Dyna sty , this king had no patience whatsoever, and whenever he was angry, he would kill his subjects without any hesitation. This led to the frustration of the citizens and other officials, both corrupt and righteous. The result was an uprising that had damaged the country for a long period of time. Uncontrolled emotion leads everyone, including the leader himself, to ruin. Control of emotion, or maintaining the stability of ones mind is crucial. Another crucial component of being a leader is his ability to make decisions that will bring the best outcome out of any circumstances. Imagine a stock broker who is in charge of distributing his clients money to buy the stocks to bring them more money to and in turn earn compensation. This requires a lot of researching and decision making above all. With the same given resources, a slight change can make a certain company grow bigger or go bankrupt. It is the job of a stock broker to convince his clients to use him and spend their money to make it grow bigger. The same can be said about a leader. A leader is chosen by the people, given powers by the people, and asked to take responsibility for the improvement of the society. To be a good leader, it is necessary for them to have the capability and competence to make the right decisions. Wuzi, the strategist during the warring state period in China, had a personal belief that if ever one wants a battle won, it is necessary to have the right decision making accordingly. He stated various ways to keep soldiers motivated and answers for some of the situations in the battlefield that can lead to right decision making. It is said that with his strategies, he won almost all battles he had joined in his 50 years of being a military commander. So, it is always important for a leader to make the correct decision to bring out the best result. Last qualities that a leader needs are brilliance and cruelty. It is quite obvious that a superior man is given more privileges and power because most people would choose a smarter and stronger man to be their leader because this stronger man is capable of thinking, or doing things that they cannot do. However, it may be questionable as to why a leader needs to be cruel. It actually is necessary for them to be cruel as well as brilliant because cruelty brings fear, and fear, if used well, can bring order. It is not a cruelty that is embedded with anger or frustration. It is rather a cruelty used as a means to control the people. Control is necessary if the society is to maintain its order. Take Joseph Stalin for example; he was cruel and demanded complete control over the people he was ruling. Although in a repressed nature, he was able to bring some order in Soviet Union. So, the essay has discussed some of the important qualities of being a leader. It can be said that if a person has one or two of those qualities, that person has some chances of being a good leader. However, a person cannot have all the aspects mentioned in this essay, for that would be too perfect of a human being. It is difficult for a person to have charisma that can manipulate peoples mind at ones will. Also, it would be extremely difficult to acquire mental stability that can control emotions in the face of gory and painful death. As far as I am concerned, there are limits in which humans are capable of and a single human can only be so good as to have one of two of the qualities of a good leader. To be successful like the leaders previously discussed, it will not take all but few of the qualities of an efficient leader.

Gender Differences in Nonverbal Communication

Gender Differences in Nonverbal Communication The Gender Differences in Nonverbal Communication Abstract Introduction Aim/ Purpose Theory Participants Procedure Results Conclusion References Abstract This research will attempt to test the hypothesis whether there is gender difference in use of non verbal communication between male and female with use of gestures. The participants were 47 males and 26 females, individuals comprising of 20 males and 20 females, categorized separately, all above the age of 21.The Individuals were all found in a social bar setting located in downtown San Jose. The participants were between the ages of 21 and 40, this is just an approximation because the participants were not approached or inquired. For the purpose of this study, nonverbal communication was defined as communication other than written or spoken, such as hand gestures. Hand gestures were only recorded when there was a definite distinction between the end of one gesture and the beginning of another. The difference in the mean of hand gestures used by men (M=2.85, SD=3.18) and the mean number of hand gestures used by women (M= 6.9, SD=6.24) was statistically significant t(38)=2.59, p 0.05,two tailed. The data collected did support our hypothesis that women would use more hand gestures than men. There is a significant difference in the number of hand gestures used by women and men. Introduction According to Briton and Hall (2005), in a very general sense, non-verbal communication simply includes all forms of communication, which are not achieved purely through the use of words or other symbols that perform the same task as words. This has been emphasized by Semnani-Azad, Adair, (2011), who reiterate that this is simply not a reference to our behavior (although, of course, some people do act like animals). It is a reference to the fact that humans are biological creatures, as much as crocodiles, cougars, and capybara (Semnani-Azad, Adair, 2011). We are the product of millions of years of evolution, our physical make-up changing to make us fitter to survive and reproduce. Aim/ Purpose This Essay will attempt to analyse whether a gender difference exist in use of verbal communication between male and female this can contribute towards understanding the literature about the elements of non verbal communication. Although humans are animals, we also have something that no other animal has: the most complex social structure on Earth (Eriksson, et al., 2012). We gather in families, tribes, clans, and nations. We have an incredibly sophisticated method of interacting speech. We can communicate over time and distance through printing and broadcasting. Our memories are the longest, our interactions the most intricate, our perception of the world simultaneously the broadest and most detailed (Semnani-Azad, Adair, 2011). The difference between humans and other animals is that, unlike any other animal (as far as we know), we can and do consciously respond or alter our response to a stimulus (Keogh, 2014). The greatest example lies in the existence of amusement parks, where people deliberately subject themselves to stimuli that any other creature on earth would go to great lengths to avoid (Van Beek, Van Dolderen, Dubas, 2006). Imagine, if you can, the reaction of a dog to a roller coaster. If it did not leap out at the first movement, it would cringe in bottom of the car until it probably had a heart attack. Regardless of the occasional demarcation disputes, non-verbal communication occurs within the same basic framework (i.e. output, transmission and input, to condense thousands of pages into three words) as does communication, which is dependent on discrete symbols such as words (Keogh, 2014). Mehrabian found that, on average, words contributed 7% of the total influence on this assessment, while tone of voice and visual clues contributed 38% and 55% respectively. These three aspects of communication are sometimes referred to as verbal, vocal and visual (or the three Vs). It is not always immediately obvious whether an instance of communication should be considered verbal or non-verbal (Caspi, Chajut, Saporta, 2008). Some gestures have agreed meanings which are at least as precise as those of some words. Perhaps, like writing and signing, specific gestures should be considered as verbal communication via the visual input. By the same token, a word which is screamed loudly and harshly could be thought of as non-verbal communication via the auditory input – especially if its meaning did not fit the context (Eriksson, et al., 2012). Another way of looking at this issue is to consider whether the meaning is explicit (precisely defined) or implicit (imprecisely evoked). Words are usually explicit, and gestures are usually implicit. However, in the above examples, the gestures were examples of largely explicit communication, and the screamed word was an example of largely implicit communication. Gender Differences in Nonverbal Communication has always been an important skill that all people should develop. Previous studies have hinted at the idea that men and women communicate differently. Spangler, (1995) suggested that women tend to be better at using and decoding nonverbal communicating cues, especially facial expressions. In a stereotypical beliefs study by Caspi, Chajut, and Saporta, (2008), it was suggested that women were believed to use the face and hands to express their ideas more than men. While another study by Schmid, Schmid Mast, Bombari, and Mast, (2011) suggested that women are believed to employ more expressive and involve more nonverbal communication than men, and that they are more skilled at sending and receiving nonverbal messages. Theory Nonverbal communication represents two-thirds of all communication. Nonverbal communication can portray a message both verbally and with the correct body signals. Body signals comprise physical features, conscious and unconscious gestures and signals, and the mediation of personal space .The wrong message can be established if the body language conveyed does not match a verbal message. In this research, women are more likely than men to perceive touch from opposite-gender strangers as unpleasant and an invasion of privacy. Moreover, the more women perceive a touch as sexual from a male stranger, the less they perceive the touch as warm and friendly; whereas, the more men perceive a touch as sexual from a female stranger, the more they perceive it as warm, pleasant, and friendly (for a review, see Hertenstein et al. 2006b). In the present study, we tested predictions regarding gender differences in the accuracy with which individuals can communicate distinct emotions through touch in human communication, relying on previously published data (Hertenstein et al. 2006). This study included the requisite four different dyad groups (encoder-decoder): female–female, female–male, male–male, and male–female. Overall accuracy across 12 emotions did not vary by gender, as reported in the original article. However, gender differences were not analyzed for each emotion separately. These aggregate analyses limited the inferences that could be made regarding gender differences in the communication of emotion via touch. In the present study, we analyzed each of the emotions separately focusing on two emotions that evolutionary and social role accounts both suggest should vary by gender: sympathy and anger. We also focused on happiness, an emotion that has shown consistent gender differences (e.g., LaFrance et al 2003). Researchers have documented empirical support for such stereotypes (Brody and Hall 2000); women report experiencing more happiness than men (Brody 1993) and they smile more than men (Hall et al. 2002; LaFrance et al. 2003). Predicated upon theory and the empirical work demonstrating that women experience and express more positive emotionality than men, we predicted that dyads comprised solely of females would communicate happiness with touch at above-chance levels. In summary, based on theoretical and empirical evidence reviewed above, we made predictions regarding three different emotions: sympathy, anger, and happiness. More specifically, we predicted that when females are in an experimental dyad, sympathy will be decoded at above-chance levels. We also predicted that dyads involving males would accurately communicate anger with touch. Finally, we predicted that dyads comprised solely of females would accurately communicate happiness with touch. Participants The participants were 47 males and 26 females, individuals comprising of 20 males and 20 females, categorized separately, all above the age of 21.The Individuals were all found in a social bar setting located in downtown San Jose. The participants were between the ages of 21 and 40, this is just an approximation because the participants were not approached or inquired. In order to further investigate the idea that women have better communication skills than men, my partner and I constructed a study where 40 participants were observed. Twenty men and 20 women who were in a bar setting were observed for 2 minutes each. While the individuals were engaged in a conversation, the two-minute timer was set and the amount of times hand gestures used were tallied. We hypothesized that because women have better communication skills than men, that women will have a higher average use of hand gestures than men. Procedure While in a highly social setting, 36 males and 26 females were identified and observed. As the observers we identified the male or female participant and set our timers for two minutes. Making our observation as discreet as possible, every use of nonverbal Communication was recorded. For the purpose of this study, nonverbal communication was defined as communication other than written or spoken, such as hand gestures. Hand gestures were only recorded when there was a definite distinction between the end of one gesture and the beginning of another. The chi-square (pronounced ‘kai’) distribution is the most commonly used method of comparing proportions. It is symbolized by the Greek letter chi or c 2). This test makes it possible to determine whether the difference exists between two groups and their preference or likelihood of doing something is real or just a chance occurrence. In other words, it determines whether a relationship or association exists between being in one of the two groups and the behavior or characteristic under study. If in a survey of 692 respondents, we asked whether or not they are interested attending attractions and events that deal with history and heritage during their vacation, and we wanted to determine whether there is a difference in how men and women respond to this question, we could calculate a chi-square. C 2 determines the differences between the observed (fo) and expected frequencies (fe). The observed frequencies are the actual survey results, whereas the expected frequencies refer to the hypothetical distribution based on the overall proportions between the two characteristics if the two groups are alike. For example, if we have the following survey results: Choose 1 data set and use this data for the research report for NVC Date set 1: Observed frequencies Then we can calculate our expected frequencies (fe) based on the proportion of respondents who said ‘yes’ versus ‘no’. It can also be calculated for each cell by the row total with the column total divided by the grand total This second table, we hypothesized that because women have better communication skills than men, they will have a higher average use of hand gestures than men, also representing the null hypothesis or Ho. (Therefore, if a study says that it fails to reject the null hypothesis, it means that no relationship was found to exist between the variables under study.) Hence, the calculation is as follows: The critical value for a level of significance of .05 (or 95% level of confidence, the normal level in this type of research) is 3.841. This means that you are confident that 95% of the distribution falls below this critical value. Since our result is above this value, we can: Reject the null hypothesis that no difference exists between interest in attending historical attractions and events and gender (in other words, there is a difference between genders); and Conclude that the differences in the groups are statistically significant (or not due to chance) You will not need to memorize all the critical values since computer programs such as SPSS will not only calculate the c 2 values for you, but will also give you the precise level of observed significance (known as p value), which in our case is .039. If this level of significance is above the standard .05 level of statistical significance, you are dealing with a statistically significant relationship. Increasing your understanding of non-verbal communication is the first step in improving your own use and comprehension of this vital aspect of interpersonal interaction. In order to determine the difference between the average amount of nonverbal communication used between men and women, my partner and I constructed an observational study where 40 selected participants were observed for 2 minutes each within a bar setting. The sample group of participants consisted of 20 males and 20 females. The study showed that there was a significant difference in the amount of times women use han d gestures in comparison to the amount of times men use hand gestures Results The difference in the mean of hand gestures used by men (M=2.85, SD=3.18) and the mean number of hand gestures used by women (M= 6.9, SD=6.24) was statistically significant t(38)=2.59, p 0.05,two tailed. The data collected did support our hypothesis that women would use more hand gestures than men. There is a significant difference in the number of hand gestures used by women and men. We believed that women would use more hand gestures than men because of the stereotype, that women are more social and outgoing than men. Women are also believed to express their feelings more than men, which we believed is connected to the way women communicate and the amount of hand gestures they use. Conclusion I believe that further research in this area would be extremely helpful in analyzing why women are better at expressing themselves. Some of the sampling problems in this study could have been that the individuals being observed may have mild case of Tourette’s syndrome that causes to have constant movement, that movement could have easily been confused for a hand gesture. Another sampling problem could have been the attempt to grab a drink or a straw could have been counted as a hand gesture, when the gesture had nothing to do with communication. References Briton, N J, Hall, J A (2005). Beliefs about female and male nonverbal communication. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 32, 79(12). Retrieved November 5, 2008, from Expanded Academic ASAP Database. Caspi, A., Chajut, E., Saporta, K. (2008). Participation in Class and in Online Discussions: Gender Differences.Computers Education,50(3), 718-724. Eriksson, M., Marschik, P. B., Tulviste, T., Almgren, M., Perez Pereira, M., Wehberg, S., Gallego, C. (2012). Differences between Girls and Boys in Emerging Language Skills: Evidence from 10 Language Communities.British Journal Of Developmental Psychology,30(2), 326-343. Keogh, E. (2014). Gender differences in the nonverbal communication of pain: A new direction for sex, gender, and pain research?.Pain. Schmid, P., Schmid Mast, M., Bombari, D., Mast, F. (2011). Gender Effects in Information Processing on a Nonverbal Decoding Task.Sex Roles,65(1/2), 102-107. Semnani-Azad, Z., Adair, W. L. (2011). The Display of Dominant Nonverbal Cues in Negotiation: The Role of Culture and Gender.International Negotiation,16(3), 451-479. Spangler, L. (1995). Gender-Specific Nonverbal Communication: Impact for Speaker Effectiveness.Human Resource Development Quarterly,6(4), 409-419. Van Beek, Y., Van Dolderen, M. M., Demon Dubas, J. S. (2006). Gender-Specific Development of Nonverbal Behaviours and Mild Depression in Adolescence.Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry,47(12), 1272-1283. Page 1

Smallpox Blankets during the French Indian War :: Smallpox Disease

A different perspective on a smallpox epidemic during the French and Indian War appears in Andrew J. Blackbird's History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan. Blackbird, Chief Mack-e-te-be-nessy, was a member of a distinguished Ottawa family from the northwest shore of the Michigan lower peninsula. He wrote his History late in life, after a long career in education, politics, and public service. Blackbird's book, like many similar autoethnographic texts, is a combination of autobiography, history, ethnography, and polemic. He opens with a conventional reference to inaccuracy in current histories. In the course of correcting the record he relates the story, preserved by elders of his nation, of a smallpox epidemic during the height of the French and Indian War, about 1757. Blackbird's story is unique because of the unusual disease vector. It was a notable fact that by this time [1763] the Ottawas were greatly reduced in numbers from what they were in former times, on account of the small-pox which they brought from Montreal during the French war with Great Britain. This small pox was sold to them shut up in a tin box, with the strict injunction not to open the box on their way homeward, but only when they should reach their country; and that this box contained something that would do them great good, and their people! The foolish people believed really there was something in the box supernatural, that would do them great good. Accordingly, after they reached home they opened the box; but behold there was another tin box inside, smaller. They took it out and opened the second box, and behold, still there was another box inside of the second box, smaller yet. So they kept on this way till they came to a very small box, which was not more than an inch long; and when they opened the last one they found nothing but mouldy particles in this last little box! They wondered very much what it was, and a great many closely inspected to try to find out what it meant. But alas, alas! pretty soon burst out a terrible sickness among them. The great Indian doctors themselves were taken sick and died. The tradition says it was indeed awful and terrible. Every one taken with it was sure to die.

Summer Of The Monkeys: Jay Berry And His Conflicts Essay -- essays res

Summer of the Monkeys: Jay Berry and His Conflicts OUTLINE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Topic: Jay Berry   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Purpose: To identify the nature of the force of the conflict which Jay Berry encounters, and indicate how they help or hinder Jay Berry the protagonist in Wilson Rawls novel Summer of the Monkeys   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thesis: Before Jay Berry succeeds his goal he encounters many conflicts that both hinder and help him through his amazing adventure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inner Forces   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Help- personality traits   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Determination   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Confidence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. Hinder   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Fear   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Over confidence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Outer Forces   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Help- other people   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Grandpa   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Old Rowdy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ...ed against Jay Berry. The monkeys hindered Jay Berry with their intellectual abilities and also their physical attributes. Jay Berry did not know what he was going up against when he took on the challenge of catching the escaped circus monkeys. They outsmarted Jay Berry many times making Jay Berry looking like a buffoon. Also the monkeys physical capabilities are far more superior than Jay Berry's, also you will not see Jay Berry jumping from tree to tree. Another outer force that hindered Jay Berry was the environment. The sycamore trees are much too tall for Jay Berry to climb, and the bottoms are very unstable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Summer of the Monkeys written by Wilson Rawls displays many inner and outer forces either help or hindering Jay Berry. In the end Jay Berry was struck by a surprise when the whole family got what they wished for in the magical fairy ring that Daisy found. The peak of Jay Berry's success is when he got a chance to run with Daisy through the fields, and also got his pony and .22. A lesson is to be learned from Jay Berry's wonderful experience, if you do what's best and not just what you want, you might just get both as an even greater reward.

Letter to cousin requesting funding for new business

Dear Ms. Smith: I am sure you remember me although we have not seen each other for a long time. I am Jack Hanson, the son of your cousin Judith Hanson, born Smith. We last met at the Smith family reunion in Atlanta, Georgia – I was still an undergrad back then with big plans. Now I have arrived at a point in my life where I believe myself ready to make these big plans reality, and in the nearest future my friends and I plan to open a small local store that will specialize in special occasion gift baskets for individual and corporate clients. With my friends’ expertise and background and my enthusiasm I am positive that we will make our venture successful. A visit to the proposed location has convinced me that we have great opportunities ahead, and the uniqueness of our proposition will make it stand out from the competition. All we need to succeed is additional start-up capital to complement our resources. I have strong belief that if you agree to participate in the venture, we will be able to put your money to good use and bring you a nice return on your investment. As I stated above, we plan to launch a store that will sell gift baskets for individual and corporate clients. To make our offerings even more attractive, we want to add ethnic, natural beauty products and spa quality botanicals. This will add an original touch and make our gift assortment the best in the locality. We already have a plan to make the interior design of the store fascinating and comfortable to create for our customers an atmosphere of holiday which they step in buying gifts for their friends and colleagues. Our short-term goal is to build a reputation in the city of Bridgeport and neighboring towns; as soon as our business has the resources to expand, we will be willing to move beyond Bridgeport and possibly Connecticut. However, repayment of your investment will in any case take precedence. If you decide to invest, we can discuss several options. One is that you invest for seven years, and begin to receive interest on your investment starting with the 2nd year of the store’s operation and recoup the lump-sum after another five years. If you want to contribute for a longer time period, you will have an opportunity to share in the profit from the store for a longer time period, for instance, getting a percentage of the profit for 10 or more years. If I were you, I would choose the latter option, because, in my opinion, the store is ‘doomed’ to succeed.   First, the area is really rich in companies of different kinds, and all of them need to purchase gift baskets for their employees. Besides, I have driven around the streets for a few hours and found only two stores that could remotely be described as gift stores. Entering them, I discovered a meagre assortment of goods that will make it really difficult for them to compete with us. Basically, local people unwilling to travel large distances have to shop for gifts in department stores like Wal-Mart or Target, and these, as you know, are hardly the best place for gifts. Besides, to differentiate ourselves from the already present gift stores, we will offer customers a modern design and additional services, such as vintage packaging for their goods, at a modest price. I rely on the experience of my friend who for five years worked as assistant manager in a gift store, and he says that the place is ideal for the venture. Now I want to thank you for the time you invested in reading this letter. I assure you that I would not be offering you to take part in the project, did I not have deep trust that it will be a successful venture. I invite you to meet with me and my friends who want to participate and visit the place that we plan to rent for our store. We can also forward you a proposed catalog of our products at any time. We have already prepared a business plan in which we â€Å"back up our concepts with numbers† that I will be glad to forward to you as well (â€Å"75 StartUp Secrets†, 2006).   I hope that you will have a chance to evaluate all the pros and cons of this investment and decide to help us in this business. On my part, I can promise that the return will exceed any comparable return on other investment available. I will be glad to hear from you on this subject and meet in person, reviving old family ties and starting new business connections. Sincerely yours, Jack Hanson References 75 StartUp Secrets. (2006, March). Enterpreneur.com. Retrieved March 27, 2006, from http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/0,4621,326420,00.html Internal Revenue Service. Starting a Business. Retrieved March 27, 2006, from http://www.irs.gov/businesses/small/article

Intrinsic value of corporations

The Legalization of hemp Pot, grass, weed, hash, and ganja or Just a few of over 200 draw in into terms consumptiond to describe integrity very important rationalise in nowadayss society. One of the biggest numbers up for debate, which has risen In popularity within the croak couple years, is the treatment on the legalization of lotnabis. T present be several affiliated atomic number 18as discussed within this assay exposing the arguments, s fetchholders, and reasoning for why marihuana should or should non be legalized.Between the state and national jurisprudence contradictions, he issue of legalization of ganja for p defileaceutical or amateur intake in the United States scratchs non moreover the policy makers and medicinal patients, entirely also the adolescents and regular amateur workoutrs of todays society. By observing a brief write up behind what ganja actu eachy Is, Including both of the side- make, voting citizens and politicians chiffonie r grasp a better conceiveing of how to approach this issue by first understanding the minimise behind it.Procom. Org is a nonprofit validation that is dedicated solely to the history and cathode-ray oscilloscope of hemp to inform any oneness wanting more intimacy or so this Issue. To begin, buttnabis comes from the dry blossom tops of cannabis mute plants, one of three plants within the virtuoso Cannabis. It consists of chemical essence step ups kn take in as cannabises, which fetch psychoactive and physiologic onlyy effectuate on the utilizationr. The most active cannabis compound Is delta-9-thermodynamically, or otherwise referred to as TECH.TECH is imprisoned rapidly into the channel stream after inhaling or ingesting. The short-term psychological and physiological do of this chemical compound argon felt within minutes. Slow reply time, rapid heart rate, change magnitude blood pressure, Armenia, euphoria, and an increase in appetite ar some of the many an(prenominal) effects of TECH. aft(prenominal) about three to four hours, these effects wear off however the chemical compound of TECH remains for up to six months within the body. Procom. Org breaks down the excogitate of cannabis for medicinal and recreational purposes for about 5,000 years victimisation an easy to understand timeline. Many Americans have no knowledge of the passage marijuana has made on our history or why it was charge legal. Without the knowledge of why it became illegal, how can one make an informed conclusiveness in our Democracy. Marijuana was brought to the United States y the Spanish where It became a major commercial puzzle out unregulated by the United States governance and was a common Ingredient In medicines.It was commonly prescribed to patients for minor medical issues such as nausea or labor pains. In the early 20th century, marijuana began to be used for recreational purposes. During the sasss, the U. S. Federal Bureau of Narcotics, rena med the Bureau of Narcotics and touch-and-go doses, launched a annulion campaign exploitation the association of marijuana with anti- social behavior and effect to influence United States society towards the illegalize of this drug. They tagged marijuana as a dangerous substances.In the sasss, it became wide used as a symbol of rebellion against post among college students and the so-called hippie generation. Finally, in 1970, The Controlled Substances operation was passed federally making all payoff and use of marijuana illegal in the United States out-of-pocket to the juicy annoyance with no acknowledged medical use of this classified schedule I drug. The censor of marijuana is evidence that perhaps legalization is non the best idea. The possible top executive of it being a gateway drug affects children and their succeeding(a) with drug abuse.Promoting one drug could star to possibly promoting many more. This aspect to witness future citizens of Americas easilyn ess may and so by a right path however, it could be doing more harm than nice. With this said, this is why voting citizens and policy makers need to take into account anything thither is to know about the issue beforehand making decisions that could affect future society. Today, marijuana production and use remains federally illegal however, recently, in the last fifteen years, state legislatures in some states are becoming more lenient on the medicinal use of marijuana.In two particular states, Colorado and Washington, recreational use of marijuana has been legalized as well. fit in to the introduction of Vanderbilt Law Review, Congress has the top executive to overpower a states decision when they prohibit a permissible federal law however, when a state discriminative a prohibited federal law, Congress does not have the ability to overpower them, precisely they can sway them to resonate in their favor (Mikes, This two-sided law had been widely overlooked by states until the passing of Amendment 64 in Colorado and Washington.Not only has it conflicted with federal laws, but Congress s nerve-racking to keep these states from being able to get licenses to mass produce marijuana and task it by implementing more detailed federal policies. The sportsmanlike House released several reasons, including effects on adolescents, behind changing their oppositeness on legalizing marijuana not only for recreational use, but for medicinal use also. at that place is evidence that the use of medical marijuana to treat certain pain, nausea, and appetite foreplay caused by such illnesses as quadruplex sclerosis, malignant neoplastic disease and support can make unnecessary or ease the patient of these symptoms temp unwritten and has been suggested that the toxicity of this drug is less pestiferous then mom of the drugs currently prescribed for these particular illnesses.The Positive health age group study consisting of volume with lay in/AIDS between the st ates of Victoria and New sulphur Wales, Australia concluded that Therapeutic use of cannabises, whether through marijuana or synthetic oral TECH, deserves further consideration to clarify the many complex issues related to both the health of people using it and the social scene in which PLAYA and health workers are expect to operate (Kappa, et al. Marijuana as therapy for people living with HIVE/AIDS fond and health aspects).The inhalation of marijuana can damage the brain, heart, lungs, and immune dodge due to the ability of smoke to cause cancer within the body. An alternative solution that is currently being explored is oral TECH or synthetic cannabises, such as traditionalistic and enabling. It is administered through capsules or inhalants however, as utter in Kappas member, since natural TECH on the human brain and the immune system is not fully understood, the effects of oral TECH cannot be fully predicted (Kappa, et al. Marijuana as therapy for people living with HIVE Since it is unclear rather therapeutic marijuana use does more harm than good, here are other aspects to consider on this issue. Studies show that adolescent marijuana employ for children under the age of sixteen who are still developing their cognitive and social skills are at a high risk of developing ADSM-IV clinical symptoms, amiable health disorders, later on in life.A study done by the institutional review boards of wake Forest University Health Sciences and The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio showed that psychological impairments may relate to these individuals increased risk for future psychiatric conditions, including psychotic person ND affective disorders as well as more severe substance use disorders (Achaeans, et al. , Impulsively, attention, memory, and decision-making among adolescent marijuana users).Considering all the negative effects on an adolescents brain, search for recreational purposes is viewed by many as unnecessary. The argume nt is to consider the growing minds of our children so we can have a fat society in the future. Negative effects found on adolescents causes disapproval from the voters and can negativity affect the medical query by keeping it completely illegal. habituation to marijuana arises more often today in adolescents and adults due to the more relaxed attitudes of the risks confused as stated in Marijuana Legalization. As stated in Cohesions analysis, an article published by Cambridge University Press mentions that marijuana addiction is not as acknowledge because typically it does not ruin ones health or life however, addiction to a scheduled class 1 substance, rather or not it is bad for you, is still an addiction that needs to be treated (Achaeans, et al. , Impulsively, attention, memory, and decision-making among adolescent marijuana seers).Marijuana, within the last couple years, has become more loving to the general public than ever before causing increasing awareness of the s ubject of legalizing marijuana. It has been proven, through multiple tests, analyses, and researches, that marijuana does so have specific reasons for recreational use. There are those that believe that no good can come out of legalizing marijuana and therefore strongly advocate their localization on banning the notion.Drug abuse and the harm it inflicts on others is a popular topic among marijuana controversies. In order o bring awareness to the risks involved when using marijuana the Office of National Drug Control Policy is working to boil down the use of marijuana and other illicit drugs through development of strategies that fully merge the principles of prevention, treatment, and recovery (Marijuana Legalization, The White House Washington).Not only are there health risks involved in down marijuana, other factors that would occur because of ratification admit Increase of use because of lowered price, levy revenue would be offset by higher social costs, and it would fu rther institutionalize the justice system. Taking into account all the facts and medical uses for cannabis, an informed voter can finally make a decision based on logic kind of of opinions. The development of the legalization of marijuana is not Just about deciding between being for or against it.It is more or less about being ameliorate and aware of the multiple arguments brought into the debate on this issue that takes into account the effects on adolescents, policy makers, and medicinal or recreational users. As individuals we are given the pick to decide where we stand on the issue. Our own personal choices and decisions, in the end, have the supreme decision on whether or rugs In our history we can only see an ongoing conflict amongst various drug users and producers (Sebastian Marigold).

Planning and Enabling Learning Essay

In this assignment I am going to explain my approach to the look I perk up carried out and summarise my findings. To plan and enable knowledge, as a trainer I must operate that my training is student centred and inclusive to all. There argon some(prenominal) theories and suggestions to consider how this should be d maven in an adult encyclopedism environment.In order to aro custom my current friendship I decided to use reference books, publications, journals and websites to query relevant topics. I withal utilised my mentor as a look board for ideas and a point of discussion for argonas I was unsure about. I reflected on my existing knowledge and my research for Unit One Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector. I wanted to advance new models and theories and link these into the context of my introduce dogma practice. To do this I searched the internet for reviews of reference existent for planning and enabling learning, which I then purchased. I imbed that my research could be extensive. I had to repose focused and choose topics to search that I found interesting and relevant to my learning environment and genius of delivery.Adult learners need to take responsibility for their experience learning. If learners are active in setting their own targets and understand what they need to achieve, motivation and self appraise will reassure their learning experience. Understanding methods of talks and inclusivity provides learners with the most appropriate experience, engages the whole group and builds a good rapport. This stack be gleaned from the identification of involve as per Ecclestone (1996).I focused my research on the impact of initial discernment on the learning journey. From my experience initial estimation results are non used impellingly and the process of initial assessment is usually carried out purely to comply with procedure. My experiences are confirmed by The Chief Inspectors Report (2003). The Adult Learni ng Inspectorate found that many providers are using a screening try out but not following this up. the results of the assessment are not being used to state the ILP (Wilson, L, 2008, p.139).Initial assessment can have a huge impact on delivery of learning and can form the learners ideas, goals and high spot areas of support required. Scales (2008, p.178) states that initial assessment should be handled sensitively to wel strike learners in rather than scare with lump testing and assessment procedures. I agree with this, merely, the genius of the assessment will depend on the level and content of the course commenced. Some create by mental acts require a robust assessment process to set parameters and run into suitability to join the course.Wallace (2007, p.154) describes the three key components that come together at the beginning of a programme the teacher, the learners and the syllabus or specifications of the course. This makes complete sense. To deliver an effective progr amme and meet the learning outcomes the key elements must come together and crystallise. This will then certify the delivery of the overall programme. This led me to further explore my research around inclusive learning.I chose to carry down the route of motivation and the impact this has on learners. Petty (2009, p.55) noted that Maslow showed that there is only one way of motivating your students. And that is to ensure that your students belongingness, esteem and self-actualisation necessitate are nourished through the learning activities you cook up. Using information from the initial assessment, such as learning needs or styles, resources need to be created and adapted to ensure learning is effective and relevant. practicable skills should be tested and developed when appropriate. In my research I focused on the practicalities of embedding these skills and reports published relating to billet 16 education. In the training I deliver I can embed a compartmentalization of fun ctional skills to allow individuals to maintain these skills and develop them further. Wilson (2008) suggested that incorporating ICT into pedagogics doesnt always suit the teacher and/or learner. This can be the case with the types of school terms I deliver. operational skills should naturally develop from a session they cant be forced into a session if they are inappropriate.Communication is the thread throughout a learning experience that encourages learning and development among the trainer and the learner. It is my responsibility to recognise potential barriers and utilise strategies to overcome these. This is the route I took with my research. I came across theories such as the Communication Climate (Adler et al, 1998) and worked up Intelligence (Goleman, 1995). Again, I found a objective link to negotiating with and including learners. Goleman (1995) believed that if emotions and feelings are not recognised and managed by teachers and learners, then effective learning c annot occur.My research has broadened my knowledge and understanding to take forward into the classroom. The apprize I have provided only really scratches the rebel from the extensive reading I carried out however I will have the opportunity to explore these further within this unit.